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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe Simple Squamous Epithelial Tissue
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Single layer of closely packed, flat, polygonal cells whose basal surface is on the basement membrane and apical surface is next to lumen. Centrally located nucleus at the cell's greatest height.
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Describe Simple Cuboidal Epithelial Tissue
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Single layer of very closely packed cubed-shaped cells whose basal surface is on basement membrane and apical surface near lumen. Central located nucleus.
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Describe Simple Columnar Epithelial Tissue
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Single layer of closely packed tall column like cells. basal surface is on basement membrane and apical surface near lumen. May have brush border (made of microvilli) on apical surface. If there is cilia then it is called Ciliated Simple Columnar E. T. Nucleus near base of cell. Contain Goblet Cells that secrete mucus.
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Describe Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelial Tissue
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Simple tissue in which all cells are attached to basement membrane. Cells packed closely together but not all reach apical surface. Contains many Goblet Cells.
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Describe Stratified Squamous Epithelial Tissue
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Several layers of closely packed flat polygonal cells. Non-keratinizing st. sq. epi. cells stay nucleated all the way to the surface. Basal surface is columnar in shape. Superficial cells are pushed to the surface and then are replaced as they slough off.
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Describe keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium.
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Cells are called keratinocytes. Various distinct layers called strata. The nucleus of each kerainocyte degenerates as part of apoptosis and the cell becomes a shell filled with keratin thus in any stratum superficial to the granulosum nuclei will be absent.
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Stratum Basale
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single row cuboidal in shape and very small.
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Stratum Spinosoum
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8-10 rows of cells which are polygonal and appear to be covered with thorn like spines.
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Stratum Granulosum
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3-5 rows of flattened keratinocytes that have organelles that are beginning to degenerate and whose cytoplasm accumulates lamellar granules and the protein keratohyalin which convert tonofilaments into keratin and realease lipid rich water repellent secretion.
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Stratun Lucidum
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3-5 rows of clear flat dead keratinocytes with large amounts of keratin. Only in skin of fingertips, palms, and soles.
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Stratum Corneum
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dead, flat keratinocytes that are mere shells filled with the protein keratin.
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Order of Strata from deep to superficial
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The various layers of cells in order from basement membrane to surface are stratum germinativum, stratum spinosum (prickle cell layer), and stratum lucidum (in dermal epithelium). The gingival epithelium generally exhibits some degree of keratinization, variable from parakeratinization to orthokeratinization within the layers of the stratum granulosum (granular layer) and stratum corneum (keratin layer).
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Describe Transitional Epithelium
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Several layers of very closely packed cells which have variable shapes. The upper most layer consists of balloon cells. Found in Urinary bladder.
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Describe Areolar Connective Tissue
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Fibroblast cells manufacture this C.T. Matrix consists of equal amounts of 3 protein fibers collagen, elastic, and reticular. The fibers are scattered throughout in the semifluid ground substance. Other cells are macrophages "wandering cells" , Plasma cells, adipocytes, and mast cells. Fibroblasts remain plump.
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What do macrophages do?
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wander through the ground substance of areolar c.t. surveilling for foreign matter
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What do plasma cells do?
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Produce antibodies
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Describe Collagenous Connective Tissue
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Cell type fibroblasts manufacture this C.T. matrix consists of massive quantities of collagen protein fibers with little ground substance. The fibroblasts are extremely compressed with nuclei that look like dash marks. Matrix looks shiny white do to the stuctured arrangement of collagen. Also called dense regular connective tissue.
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Dense irregular connective tissue
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much like collagenous c.t. except the difference is that the massive quantities of collagen are more randomly arranged and the bundles alternately orient themselves in rows perpendicular to one another.
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Describe Elastic Connective Tissue.
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Cell Type fibroblasts manufacture this c.t. whose matrix consists of huge quantities of elastic bundles further fuse to form elastic lamellae. The fibroblasts become extremely ties of elastic protein fibers both individual ones and those that align to form bundles embedded in the ground substance. compressed with nuclei that look like dash marks once entrapped in the matrix. elastin and fibroblasts look very squiggly.
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Describe Reticular Connective Tissue
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Cell Type Fibroblasts manufacture this c.t. matrix consists of huge quantities of branching reticular fibers that form a network of interlacing structure within the ground substance.The network can trap cells in every direction. Supports the framework of the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, myeloid, and reticular lamina of basement membrane.
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Describe Adipose Connective Tissue.
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Cell Type Adipocytes pack extremely close together. cell is rounded and they compress one another. still some interstitial spaces occupied by numerous capillaries, lymphatics and ground substance.
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Adipocytes
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Specialize to store triglycerides (fats) having a large centrally located droplet which increases displaces the nucleus to one side of the cell and the cytoplasm to a mere rim around the periphery.
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Describe Hyaline Cartilage Connective Tissue
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Cell type Chondrocytes manufacture this c.t. whose matrix consists of predominantly ground substance with a few fine collagen protein fibers embedded in it. Each chondrocyte lies within it's own lacuna containing the lacunar space. The matrix looks bluish white and shiny. This is the most abundant subtype in the body and is sometimes called "grissle"
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Describe Fibrocartilage Connective Tissue
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Cell type chondrocyte manufactures this c.t. which starts out as hyaline but whose chondrocytes differentiate in such a way as to produce huge numbers of collagen protein fibers which they exocytose and thus modify the matrix which now consists of huge numbers of collagen protein fibers and collagen bundles that overlay the ground substance. Each chondrocyte has its own lacunar space.
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Describe Elastic Cartilage Connective Tissue
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Cell Type Chondrocytes manufacture this C.T. which starts as hyaline but whose chondrocytes differentiate in such a way as to produce huge numbers of elastic protein fibers which they exocytose and this modify the matrix which now consists of huge numbers of elastic fibers and bundles that come to overlay the ground substance. These elastic fibers often overshoot the ground substance and embed partially in the perichondrium which helps attach the perichondrium more securely to the mass of cartilage c.t.
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Describe Osseous Bone Connective Tissue
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Cell type osteoblasts manufacture this c.t. but once the osteoblasts have secreted sufficient matrix (ground substance and protein fibers which for osseous c.t. is called osteoid.
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Cutaneous Membrane AKA Skin (Organ)
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It is a true membrane that consists of epithelial layer, epidermis, and a connective tissue layer, dermis. There is another c.t. layer closely associated with the dermis, the hypodermis. The epidermis is keratinized and avascular. The dermis consists of 2 regions papillary and reticular.
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Describe Skeletal muscle
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attaches to bone via tendon. has long cylindrical myofibers that are multinucleated. has striations.
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Describe Cardiac Muscle Tissue
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Forms most of the heart wall, has branching cylindrical myofibers each of which has a single nucleus. Has striations
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Describe Smooth Muscle Tissue
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Found in the walls of hollow internal structures.(blood vessel and viscera) has spindle shaped myofibers with one nucleus and no striations.
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Describe Nervous Tissue
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Giant multipolar neurons and neuroglial cells. Cell body region = soma, 1 axon and multiple dentrites. The axon extends from the axonal hillock which is supported by the largest amount of cytoplasm.
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