Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
arise from yolk sac?
|
RBC, germ cells
|
|
|
germ cells
|
cells destined to become gametes
|
|
|
gubernaculum
|
attaches to posterior pole to the superficial fascia, and as embryo develops, it pulls testis out to outside of body
|
|
|
tunica vaginalis
|
double lining of scrotum from an investing layer of peritoneum
|
|
|
tunica albuginia
|
thick tough dense CT , appears white, that is capsule of testis
|
|
|
seminiferous tubules
|
where sperm are made
|
|
|
why does vasectomy not decrease volume of ejaculate?
|
volume from accessory sex glands, not testis
|
|
|
maturation time of sperm
|
3 months
|
|
|
spermatogonia
|
stem cells
|
|
|
primary spermatocytes
|
in meiosis I., long half life, lots of growth, large cell, replication of DNA, has 4 times DNA present in other cells.
|
|
|
secondary spermatocytes
|
in Meiosis II. Short half life, divide quickly, so hard to find these in slide, chromosomes condense, beginning of haploid germ cell
|
|
|
Spermatids
|
1n, small round cell to elongated cell starts to develop long flagella
|
|
|
spermatozoa
|
final stage
|
|
|
sertoli cells
|
nurse cells, derived from mesotherm of genital ridge,they branch out and wrap around germ cells to protect them
|
|
|
myoid cells
|
associated with basement membrane, fibroblast like cells with actin and myosin filaments for fine contractile mvmt of cells
|
|
|
leydig cells
|
make testosterone
|
|
|
lamina propria
|
CT surrounding parenchyma of testis
|
|
|
blood testis barrier
|
protects self from antibodies in adluminal compartment
|
|
|
autoantigenic
|
self antigen- allergic to own sperm
|
|
|
FSH in male
|
main target is sertoli cell in male, binds to basal surface adn changes gene transcritpion in sertoli cell, assists in spermatogenesis
|
|
|
sertoli cell products
|
albumin, serum proteins, androgen binding protein (required to carry protein in blood and steroids in fluid of seminiferous to carry to ducts)
|
|
|
inhibin
|
negative feedback for FSH at pituitary level
|
|
|
process of spermiogenesis
|
development of male gamete into mitole spermatozoan, needs to be aerodynamic
|
|
|
microtubule arrangement in sperm flagellum midpiece
|
9+2 microtubules, 9 outer dense fibers, mitochondria
|
|
|
Sperm morphology
|
sperm morphology is poor in humans, 14% sperm are "normal"
|
|
|
Only from dad?
|
centrioles all from male, mito all from female
|
|
|
oogonia
|
primordial germ cell in yolk sac; migrate to genital ridge
|
|
|
primary oocytes
|
stuck in prophase I, 5-7 million by 5th month, diminish to 1 million at birth, reach puberty 300,000-400,000, only about 450 ovulated, all others die
|
|
|
atresia
|
death of oocytes (germ cells)
|
|
|
secondary oocyte
|
MI completed at ovulation, therefore oocyte exposed to all that woman is exposed to. Meiotic division is really lopsided- get one and 1st polar body.
|
|
|
polar body
|
at ovulation, MI split and half is polar body
|
|
|
ovum
|
when penetrated by sperm MII is completed and called ovum
|
|
|
synagamy
|
combining of male and female chromosomes
|
|
|
zygote
|
diploid results of egg and sperm chromosomes uniting
|
|
|
early embryo
|
thru about 128 cells or implantation
|
|
|
zona pellucida
|
hair like layer around oocyte
|
|
|
corona radiata
|
surrounds eggs
|
|
|
primary follicle
|
primary and in meiosis I until ovulated
|
|
|
zona pellosa
|
clear area outside
|
|
|
medulla
|
no clear line from cortex, lots of CT, more arteries and veins
|
|
|
cortex
|
follicle development happens here
|
|
|
serosa
|
germinal epithelium, lined with sq. ep.
|
|
|
tunica albugima
|
like in male
|
|
|
diff b/w oocytes in primordial follicles and growing follicles
|
accumulated yolk granules for energy and buildup of mRNA, no genetic change yet
|
|
|
when is it primary follicle
|
when squamous become cuboidal
|
|
|
secondary follicle
|
when granulosa starts dividing, but no changes in genetic material yet
|
|
|
mature folllicle
|
approaching time of ovulation, fills with fluid, has cells around it - corona radiata
|
|
|
which tissue is ovulated with ovulation
|
egg with corona radiata and ?? rest of granulosa stays
|
|
|
more progesterone when?
|
to sustain pregnancy
|
|
|
estrogen
|
made prior to menstrual cycle
|
|
|
antrum
|
appears in 2ndary follicle, the cavity in the epithelium that envelops the oocyte
|
