Histology Quick Study Vocab

Front 1

Histone proteins are made up of what amino acids?

Back 1

Arginine
Lysine

NOTE: Remember HAL = Histones are Arginine and Lysine

Front 2

What is a non histone protein?

Back 2

Enzymes involved in nuclear functions

Front 3

What are the 2 forms of chromatin?

Back 3

Hetero and Euch

Front 4

What type of chromatin is high condensed and therefore inactive?

Back 4

Heterochromatin

Front 5

Active chromatin makes up 90% of chromatins and is called

Back 5

Euchromatin

Front 6

Lypolysis begins in what part of a cell?

Back 6

SER: releases fatty acid from triglyceride

Front 7

Skeletal abnormalities, coarse features, and restricted joint movement is characteristic of what disease?

Back 7

I-cell Disease

Front 8

I -cell Disease is caused by a deficiency of what enzyme?

Back 8

N-acetylglucosamine-phosphotransferase

Front 9

Name the 3 major functions of peroxisomes:

Back 9

1. Synthesis and degradation of hydrogen peroxide
2. B-oxidation of very long chain fatty acids
3. Bile acid synthesis

Front 10

What is contained in the inner membrane of the mitochondria?

Back 10

Numerous cristae containing enzymes for electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation

Front 11

The mother always hands down what type of DNA to her children?

Back 11

Mitochondrial DNA (Therefore there is maternal passage of diseases of energy metabolism)

Front 12

Tau is what type of protein?

Back 12

Tubulin (Microtubule). Seen in alzheimer's patients brains

Front 13

Defects in microtubule polymerizations are characteristic of what syndrome?

Back 13

Chediak Higashi

Front 14

Cytochalasin B is a drug taht binds to what ?

Back 14

Actin

Front 15

Anterograde movement of intracellular vesicles and organelle is done by? Retrograde?

Back 15

Antero = kinesin
Retro - Dynein

Front 16

Zonular occludens have what purpose?

Back 16

Tight junctions: seals off cell to outside world

Front 17

Function of desmosomes is..

Back 17

Hold cells together

Front 18

Zonula adherens function to...

Back 18

Attach cells to adjacent cells

Front 19

Passage of ions and small molecules between cells conducting electrical impulses is done by what type of junction

Back 19

Gap junction

Front 20

Stereocilia is characteristically found where?

Back 20

Epididymis, ductus deferens, and inner ear cells

Front 21

2 central microtubules surrounded by a circle of nine peripheral microtubule doublets is seen in what structure?

Back 21

Cilia

Front 22

What is a Nissl body?

Back 22

RER in a cell body of a neuron

Front 23

Unmyelinated pain fibers are called

Back 23

C-fibers

Front 24

Saltatory conduction is what

Back 24

Action potentials skipping from node to node down an axon

Front 25

Schwann cells developed from what germ layer?

Back 25

Neural Crest Cells

sChwann = Crest
S = Single axon

Front 26

Astrocytes derived from what germ layer?

Back 26

Neuroectoderm

Front 27

Oligos derived from what germ layer?

Back 27

Neuroectoderm

Front 28

Ependymal cells derived from what germ layer?

Back 28

Neuroectoderm

Front 29

Pseudounipolar neurons are found where?

Back 29

In the Dorsal root ganglia

Front 30

Bipolar neurons found where?

Back 30

1. Retina
2. Olfactory mucosa
3. Cochlear and vestibular ganglia

Front 31

Microglia from what germ layer?

Back 31

MESODERM! Only one

Micro = Meso

Front 32

What cell functions to maintain the Blood Brain Barrier?

Back 32

Astrocytes

Front 33

Macrophages of the CNS are

Back 33

Microglia

Front 34

Ciliated cells in the CNS are:

Back 34

Ependymal Cells

Front 35

The dark band refers to:

Back 35

A-band

Front 36

The light band refers to:

Back 36

I-band

Front 37

The thick band refers to:

Back 37

Myosin and H-band

Front 38

The thin filaments are in what band:

Back 38

I-band and Actin

Front 39

The 3 thin filaments are:

Back 39

Actin
Troponin
Tropomysin

Front 40

The thick filament is:

Back 40

Myosin

Front 41

Name the 3 types of Troponin and what each do

Back 41

1. TnC - Binds Calcium
2. TnI - Inhibits cycling of the actin and myosin
3. TnT - Binds tropomyosin

Front 42

Where is the actin binding site located?

Back 42

On the Myosin Head

Front 43

What type of muscle have gap junctions?

Back 43

Cardiac
Smooth Muscle

Front 44

Smooth muscle troponin is called:

Back 44

Calmodulin

Front 45

What type of muscle lacks T-tubules

Back 45

Smooth muscle (slow, don't need it)

Front 46

What lymphoid organ lacks a germinal center?

Back 46

Thymus

Front 47

What is the purpose of the thymus?

Back 47

To protect developing T-cells

Front 48

The paracortex of lymph node is made up of what kind of cells?

Back 48

T-cells

Front 49

The cortex is made up of what kind of cells?

Back 49

B-cells

Front 50

APC's of lymph nodes are:

Back 50

Dendritic cells

Front 51

What part of the spleen contains cords of Billroth?

Back 51

Red pulp. Serves to delay passage of defected RBC's until macros get them

Front 52

The white pulp of the spleen contains:

Back 52

Lymphatics: T and B cells

Front 53

Increase in the number of proliferating cells in the stratum basale and stratum spinosum of the integument is represented by what disease?

Back 53

Psoriasis

Front 54

IgG directed against the lamina lucida of the integument is seen in what?

Back 54

Bullous pemphigoid

Front 55

Melanocytes are from what germ layer?

Back 55

Neural crest ectoderm

Front 56

The inability of albinos to synthesize melanin is due to deficiency of what?

Back 56

Tyrosinase

Front 57

APC's of the integument are called:

Back 57

Langerhans cells

Front 58

Odor producing sweat glands are called:

Back 58

Apocrine glands

Front 59

Apocrine glands have what kind of innervation?

Back 59

Adrenergic

Front 60

Sweat glands found everywhere on the skin are called:

Back 60

Eccrine

NOTE: Eccrine = Everywhere!

Front 61

Eccrine glands have what kind of innervation?

Back 61

Cholinergic (heat sweating)

Front 62

Sebaceous glands are absent where on the body

Back 62

Hands and feet

Front 63

The only neurons replaced in an adult are:

Back 63

Olfactory neurons

Front 64

Hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsil is called:

Back 64

Adenoiditis

Front 65

Cells in the bronchioles that produce lipoprotein to prevent the bronchioles from collapsing are:

Back 65

Clara cells

Front 66

Function of Type I pneumocytes:

Back 66

To maintain the blood air barrier and provide GAS EXCHANGE

Front 67

Type II pneumocytes:

Back 67

Produce surfactant

Front 68

Alveolar macros are called:

Back 68

Dust cells

Front 69

What kind of epithelium does the esophagus have?

Back 69

Upper 1/3 - skeletal
Middle 1/3 - Both
Lower 1/3 - Smooth muscle

Front 70

Chief cells in stomach secrete:

Back 70

Pepsinogen and lipase precursors

Front 71

Parietal cells in the stomach secrete:

Back 71

HCL and Intrinsic Factor

Front 72

Enteroendocrine (EE) cells in the stomach secrete

Back 72

Gastrin

Front 73

Brunner's glands are found in what part of the small intestine?

Back 73

Duodenum

Front 74

Brunner's glands function to?

Back 74

Secrete alkaline secretions to balance out acidity of stomach content entering small intestine

Front 75

EE cells in duodenum secrete:

Back 75

Cholecystokinin and secretin

Front 76

Paneth cells are located where?

Back 76

Duodenum

Front 77

What do Paneth cells do?

Back 77

Eat bacteria

Front 78

What part of the small intestine has long villi?

Back 78

Jejunum

Front 79

Peyer's Patches found where?

Back 79

Ileum

Front 80

Peyer's Patches are what?

Back 80

Lymphatic nodules, Ileum protects from Illness

Front 81

APC's in the ilium are called:

Back 81

M-cells

Front 82

List the acinar type and innervation:
Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

Back 82

Serous and 9
Serous and 7
Mucous and 7

Front 83

Phagocytes of the liver reside in the sinusoids and are called:

Back 83

Kupffer cells

Front 84

Contraction of gallbladder is stimulated by:

Back 84

Cholecystokinin from EE cells

Front 85

67% of Na is absorbed in what part of kidney?

Back 85

Proximal convoluted tubule

Front 86

Distal convoluted tubule absorbs?

Back 86

NaCl

Front 87

Anterior Pituitary is also known as the:

Back 87

Adenohypophysis

NOTE: A = A

Front 88

Post pit is also known as:

Back 88

Neurohypophysis

Front 89

What cell in the kidney makes epo?

Back 89

Mesangial cells

Front 90

What cell in kidney makes renin?

Back 90

JG cells

Front 91

The Macula Dense of the kidney functions to:

Back 91

Na transport

Front 92

Where is the site of spermatogenesis?

Back 92

Seminiferous tubules

Front 93

Blood testis barrier provided by what cell?

Back 93

Sertoli

Front 94

What is the function of sertoli cells?

Back 94

To synthesize testicular anddrogen binding protein

Front 95

Mature sperm is called:

Back 95

Spermatozoa

Front 96

What 3 things are needed in a steroid making cell?

Back 96

1. Abundant SER
2. Mitochondria (with cristae)
3. Lipid droplets (with cholesterol esters)

Front 97

Leydig cells synthesize and secrete:

Back 97

Testosterone

Front 98

Leydig cells are stimulated by what hormone?

Back 98

LH

Front 99

Sperm mature and develop increased motility in the:

Back 99

Epididymis

Front 100

Sperm is stored in the:

Back 100

Epididymis

Front 101

What is used as a source of energy by sperm?

Back 101

Fructose

Front 102

After ovulation, the corpus luteum is formed and theca interna cells turn into:

Back 102

Theca lutein cells

Front 103

Theca lutein cells secrete

Back 103

Estrogen

Front 104

Granulosa lutein cells secrete:

Back 104

progesterone

Front 105

How long does the corpus luteum persist?

Back 105

12th week

Front 106

Up to week 12, the corpus luteum is maintained by:

Back 106

HCG from the developing embryo

Front 107

After week 12, the corpus luteum is maintained by:

Back 107

Placenta

Front 108

Fertilization takes place in the

Back 108

Ampulla of the fallopian tubes

Front 109

MCSite for ectopic pregnancy:

Back 109

Ampulla of the fallopian tube

Front 110

What layer of the endometrium is lost during the menstrual cycle?

Back 110

Superficial functional layer

NOTE: Basal layer stays

Front 111

What structures form the placental barrier?

Back 111

1. Cytotrophoblast
2. Synctiotrophoblast
3. Basement Membrane

Front 112

During a muscle contraction of skeletal muscle, what band does not change in length?

Back 112

H-band cuz it has the myosin heavy chains, just slide, don't shortern