Histology_Oral Mucosa

Front 1

What type of tissue almost continuously lines the oral cavity?

Back 1

oral mucosa

Front 2

What type of epithelium makes up the oral mucosa and what lies beneath the epithelium?

Back 2

Stratified squamous epithelium overlies a connective tissue proper (lamina propria)

Front 3

What lies between the epithelium and connective tissue?

Back 3

basement membrane

Front 4

A membrane that secretes mucous is called?

Back 4

mucosa

Front 5

Name the three types of lining mucosa and where each one is found in the oral cavity.

Back 5

1. Lining mucosa: covers the floor of the mouth, cheeks, lips, and soft palate. 2. Masticatory Mucosa: covers the hard palate and alveolar ridge. 3. Specialized mucosa: covers the surface of the tongue.

Front 6

Which type of oral mucosa is keratinized? Non-keratinized? Composed of cornified epithelial papillae?

Back 6

masticatory mucosa is keratinized. Lining mucosa is non-keratinized and specialized mucosa is composed of cornified epithelia papillae.

Front 7

A tough, fibrous, opaque, waterproof protein that is impervious to pathogenic invasion and resistant to friction.

Back 7

keratin

Front 8

What cells produce keratin? Where do these cell originate and end up?

Back 8

Keratinocyte epithelial cells--they migrate from near the basement membrane to the surface of the keratinized tissue

Front 9

Lining mucosa is composed of a thin layer of epithelium and underlying connective tissue/lamina dura. What are the 3 layers of the epithelium? What are the two layers of the dermis or lamina propria?

Back 9

Epithelium: Stratum basale-cuboidal cells, Stratum intermedium/spinosum-oval or flattened, Stratum superficiale-flattened with many containing small oval nuclei. Dermis or Lamina propria: Papillary layer and reticular layer.

Front 10

In lining mucosa, what is deep to the lamina propria? What is this layer's function?

Back 10

submucosa. Allows for compression of the tissue.

Front 11

Aside from the submucosa, what other characteristic of lining mucosa makes is movable? What actions require lining mucosa to have a movable base?

Back 11

elastic fibers in the lamina propria provides the tissue with a movable base. Speech, mastication and swallowing

Front 12

Which type of mucosa is found on the inner surface of the lips?

Back 12

lining mucosa. Lines with moist-surface of startified squamous, nonkeratinized epithelium.

Front 13

What type of salivary glands are associated with the inner surface of the lips?

Back 13

small seromucous round salivary glands (part of minor salivary glands located throughout the oral cavity)

Front 14

The junction between the oral mucosa and the skin of the lips is called?

Back 14

vermillion border

Front 15

What is the vermillion border red?

Back 15

1. Epithelium is thin 2. epithelium contains eleidin which is transparent 3. blood vessels are near the surface

Front 16

Hair follicles (with no hair) associated with sebaceous glands that are seen at angles of the mouth and sometimes on the skin of the upper lip are called? What do they do?

Back 16

Fordyce's spots. Release oil that helps to prevent evaporation of sweat and aids in the retention of body heat.

Front 17

Buccal mucos is similar to lip mucosa. How is it different?

Back 17

Buccal mucosa contains fat cells and seromucous glands

Front 18

White ridge of calloused tissue that extends horizontally at the level where the maxillary and mandibular teeth occlude is called? What is different about this line of tissue (as opposed to the regular buccal mucosa)? What type of patients is this common in?

Back 18

Linea alba. Hyperkeratinized tissue in usually nonkeratinized mucosa. Common in patients that find their teeth.

Front 19

Hyperkeratinization due to use of tobacco orally is called? Is there a risk of turning malignant?

Back 19

snuff keratosis. Yes

Front 20

Dense fibrous scar tissue resulting from a single traumatic episode or repeated episodes is called? Are they usually symptomatic? Is there risk for malignant transformation?

Back 20

Irritation fibroma. Often painless. Can be removed surgically or by laser. No risk for malignant transformation

Front 21

What type of mucosa lines the vestibules of the oral cavity? Describe this epithelium.

Back 21

Alveolar mucosa-lining mucosa. Epithelium is thin, nonkeratinized. Overlies an extensive vascular supply in the lamina propria that makes the mucosa redder than the labial mucosa or buccal mucosa.

Front 22

The soft palate is covered with lining mucosa. What does the submucosa in this area contain--what characteristics are present because of this?

Back 22

contains adipose tissue which gives the tissue its yellow hue and compressibility. The submucosa also has minor salivary glands, giving the tissue its moisture. There is a high level of gagging when touched.

Front 23

Which type of mucosa is found on the ventral surface of the tongue and the floor of the mouth?

Back 23

lining mucosa.

Front 24

Where in the mouth is the site of drug delivery? Why?

Back 24

betral of the tongue because it's very vascular and the mucosa is very thin

Front 25

What are the four epithelial layers of the masticatory mucosa? Which layers are the same as in lining mucosa and which are different?

Back 25

Stratum basale (same), Stratum intermediate/spinosum (same), stratum granulosum-contains keratohyalin granules (precursor of keratin) (different), stratum corneum-surface layer of cells flattened, thin, no nucleus and cell cytoplasm filled with kerain (different).

Front 26

Thicker masticatory mucosa covers which area of the mouth?

Back 26

Gingiva and Hard Palate--resists attrition.

Front 27

What does the lining mucosa of the lips contain that makes it transparent?

Back 27

eleidin

Front 28

Precursor of keratin is called? Which layer of masticatory mucosa is this found in?

Back 28

keratohyalin granules.

Front 29

In masticatory mucosa, _________ cells interface with the membrane separating the epithelium and connective tiddues. This membrane is called the ________ __________.

Back 29

basal cells. Basal lamina

Front 30

How do basal cells attach to the lamina?

Back 30

hemidesmosomes

Front 31

What attach the basal lamina and the epithelial cells to the collagen fibers of the lamina propria in masticatory mucosa?

Back 31

anchoring fibrils

Front 32

What't the difference between desmosomes and hemidesmosomes and anchoring fibrils vs. tonofibrils?

Back 32

Desmosomes attach cells to cells, hemidesmosomes attach basal cells to the basal lamina or to another surface/object. Anchoring fibrils attach the basal lamina to the collagen fibers of the lamina prorpia, tonofibrils anchor the desmosomes which aid in the attachment of individual cells to other individual cells.

Front 33

Keratinized or papakeratinized smooth surface zone of the gingiva

Back 33

free or marginal gingiva

Front 34

area of the gingiva between two adjacent teeth beneath the contact point

Back 34

interdental groove or zone or papilla

Front 35

keratinized, usually stippled (orange peel-ish) part of the gingiva

Back 35

attached gingiva

Front 36

an indistinct groove on the surface epithelium which separates the free and attached gingiva is called?

Back 36

Free gingival groove

Front 37

The attached gingiva is separate from the nonkeratinized alveolar mucosa by?

Back 37

mucogingival junction

Front 38

what two histological features are unique for attached gingiva? (*hint 1. why is this tissue opaque and pinkish? 2. are all the layers the same?)

Back 38

1. Has thick layer of mainly parakeratinized epithelium that obscures the extensive vascular supply in the lamina propria giving it an opaque/pinkish look. 2. NO SUBMUCOSA, lamina propria is directly attached to the underlying bones making it firm and immobile

Front 39

What acts as the periosteum in areas where the attached gingiva is present?

Back 39

lamina propria

Front 40

What is responsible for the orange peel look of the attached gingiva?

Back 40

Rete Pegs

Front 41

What are the main fiber groups of the lamina proria?

Back 41

collagen fibers. Elastic fibers are present in many reagions too

Front 42

What are the two layers of the lamina propria?

Back 42

papillary and dense/reticular layer.

Front 43

Most common type of cell in the lamina propria is?

Back 43

fibroblast

Front 44

What is different about the lamina propria in the lining vs. masticatory mucosa?

Back 44

Lining-few or no prominent connective tissue papillae and alternating rete ridges (no stippling). Elastic fibers are present in the papillary layer--allos the tissue to stretch and recoil. Masticatory-has numberous and prominent connective tissue papillae and rete ridges, giving the mucosa a firm base.

Front 45

The junctional epithelium attaches the gingiva to the tooth. Because there are ________ desmosomes, this epithelium displays a _________ turnover rate.

Back 45

fewer; higher

Front 46

Many organelles are present in the cells of the JE (junctional epithelium). This is indicative of the _______ metabollic activity.

Back 46

high

Front 47

How does the JE attach to the protein layer of the cuticle that covers the cervical area of the enamel?

Back 47

hemidesmosomes

Front 48

Regional differences in the pattern of epithelial maturation or keratinization is associated with different what?

Back 48

turnover times

Front 49

Where in the mouth has the lowest turnover time? What is average for the other tissues? Where is the highest turnover time?

Back 49

lowest--hard palate (24 days), average 4-24 days, JE-highest turnover 4-6 days.

Front 50

Why is it important that we know the turnover times of different tissues in the oral cavity?

Back 50

So if an oral lesion is present we know when to make a recal visit to check for changes. Important in the diagnosis of lesions.

Front 51

Where are the most common sites for oral cancer?

Back 51

soft palate, floor of mouth, lower lip and side of tongue

Front 52

gingiva located between the teeth in the interproximal area of the crowns on labial and lingual surfaces is known as?

Back 52

Interdental papilla

Front 53

Non-keratinized epithelium in the interproximal area between the papilla, a concave zone of the gingiva that follws the contour of the crown is called?

Back 53

Col

Front 54

How is the shape of the col different for anterior vs. posterior teeth? How is it different when it's inflamed?

Back 54

Anterior-peaked, posterior-more flattened. Position is higher when inflammed

Front 55

The hard palate has a thinck layer of keratinized epithelium overlying a thick lamina propria. How are the lateral zones of the hard palate different from the medial areas?

Back 55

Lateral zones-have a submucosa containing adipose tissue giving the tissua a cushioned feeling when palpated and in the posterior areas contains minor salivary glands.

Front 56

Midline of the hard palate is called _____ ______ ______ and ends anteriorly in the ______ ________.

Back 56

median palatine raphae; incisive papilla

Front 57

ridges of tissue on each side of the raphe on the hard palate that are supported by dense lamina propria is called?

Back 57

palatine rugae

Front 58

collagen fiber bundles in the lamina propria of the hard palate that help to anchor the mucosa to the bone and help with mastication are know as?

Back 58

Traction bands.

Front 59

Which part of the tongues is covered by specialized mucosa?

Back 59

anterior 2/3rds of the tongue-dorsum (top) and ventral (bottom)

Front 60

Name the four types of epithelial structures on the tongue

Back 60

filliform-most numerous, slender and threadlike fungiform-mushrooms more at tip of tongue, non-keratinized, circumvallate - in V-shaped sulcus between body and base of tongue and foliate - lateral posterior sides of the tongue in 4-11 vertical grooves, underlying serous glands line circumvallate.

Front 61

minor salivary glands that produce serous secretions and are located in grooves around the circumvallate papillae are called?

Back 61

von Ebner's glands-help wash out substances for new tastes to be perceived.

Front 62

Which type of papillae do NOT contain tastebuds?

Back 62

filliform

Front 63

Where other than the tongue are tastebuds?

Back 63

soft palate, epiglottis, larynx and pharynx and oropharynx

Front 64

How many types of cells are in a tastebud?

Back 64

10 to 14

Front 65

These type of cells lie in the periphery of the taste buds

Back 65

sustenacular or supporting

Front 66

Turnover rate of tastebuds

Back 66

10 days

Front 67

What structures project into the taste pores?

Back 67

microvilli

Front 68

Do nerves penetrate the taste buds?

Back 68

yes

Front 69

What are the 5 types of taste sensation?

Back 69

sweet-tongue tip, salty-tongue tip and side, sour-tongue sides, bitter-soft palate and circumvallate papilla, umami-generalized

Front 70

"Name the tongue condition: A smooth or nodular surface covered by atrophic stratified squamous epithelium overlying a moderately fibrosed stroma with somewhat dilated capillaries.

Back 70

median rhomboid glossitis

Front 71

"Name the tongue condition:Grooves that vary in depth and are noted along the dorsal and lateral aspects of the tongue. Although a definitive etiology is unknown, a polygenic mode of inheritance is suspected because the condition is seen clustering in families.

Back 71

fissured

Front 72

"Name the tongue condition:Sensitivity of the filiform papillae to changes in their environment. Red and white surface patches correspond to changes from parakeratinized epithelium, which appears redder, to orthokeratinized epithelium, which appears whiter.

Back 72

Geographic

Front 73

Name the tongue condition: With this disturbance, normal shedding of the filiform papillae is lacking. As a result, a thick layer of dead cells and keratin builds up on the tongue surface, which becomes extrinsically stained by tobacco, medicines, or chromogenic (colored) bacteria

Back 73

Black Hairy

Front 74

"Name the tongue condition:An irregular, corrugated, white lesion most commonly occurring on the lateral border of the tongue:Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is considered to be the cause of the lesion. It occurs most commonly in patients infected with HIV.

Back 74

Hairy leukoplakia

Front 75

Nerves and blood supply of the oral mucosa are found where?

Back 75

lamina propria. Nerve endings enter between epithelium cells

Front 76

Name the three types of epithelial nonkeratinocytes and give their location and function.

Back 76

1. Langerhans'-s. spinosum, function in immune response 2. Merkel's-located in the basal layer, associated with terminal axon, touch receptors 3. Melanocytes-located in the basal layer, produce melanin.

Front 77

Epithelial nonkeratinocyts are also called?

Back 77

Clear cells-because they have a clear halo around their nuclei

Front 78

What other two nonkeratinocytes are can be found in the epithelium but only during inflammation?

Back 78

Lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes-located in gingival epithelium and underlying connective tissue. Moste often underlie the junctional epithelium.

Front 79

What happens to the oral mucosa as we age in terms of 1. stippling, 2. fordyce's spots 3. size of lingual veins 4. epithelium thickness 5. salivary flow 6. cellular activity 7. location of gingival attachment

Back 79

1. reduction of stippling of attached gingiva-smoother 2. increase in Fordyce's granules in labial and buccal mucosa 3. enlarged lingual veins forming lingual variscosities 4. epithelium thinner and more fragile 5. decreased salivary flow--tissue less moist 6. decreased cellular activity, healing time and tissue more fibrotic 7. apical migration of the gingiva.