Histology Of Pulp

Front 1

What type of tissue is pulp made out of?

Back 1

Soft connective tissue

Front 2

What portion of the tooth does pulp occupy?

Back 2

The central portion

Front 3

The pulp cavity can be divided into what 2 sections?

Back 3

The pulp chamber & the root canal.

Front 4

The pulp chamber in the coronal region contains what?

Back 4

Pulp horns

Front 5

What extends from the chamber into the cusps of the tooth?

Back 5

Pulp horns

Front 6

what part of the pulp cavity is in the radicular region?

Back 6

the root canal

Front 7

the root canal is in the radicular region and terminates with what?

Back 7

the apical foramen.

Front 8

the apical foramen is ____ um in diameter.

Back 8

0.3-0.6

Front 9

another name for accessory canal is?

Back 9

lateral canal

Front 10

what is soft CT that supports dentin?

Back 10

pulp

Front 11

what are the 4 zones of pulp?

Back 11

odontoblastic zone, cell-free zone of Weil, cell rich zone & pulp core.

Front 12

which 3 zones of pulp is considered the odontogenic zone?

Back 12

cell-free zone of Weil, cell-rich zone & pulp core.

Front 13

describe the odontoblastic zone.

Back 13

adjacent to dentin, contains odontoblasts.

Front 14

does the cell-free zone of weil have cells?

Back 14

yes, just not in great number.

Front 15

the cell-rich zone contains what type of cells?

Back 15

fibroblasts & stem cells

Front 16

is the odontoblast layer epithelium?

Back 16

no

Front 17

compare/contrast epithelial cells & odontoblasts.

Back 17

-epithelial cells secrete etracellular matrix, odontoblast don't.
-epithelial cells aren't invaded by blood vessels, but odontoblasts are!

Front 18

the cell rich zone contains what?

Back 18

stem cells, fibroblasts & plexus of raschkow.

Front 19

what are the 6 types of pulp cells?

Back 19

odontoblasts, fibroblasts, ectomesenchymal cells, macrophages, t-lymps & dendritic cells: FOEDMT

Front 20

what is the main type of pulp cell?

Back 20

fibroblast.

Front 21

ectomesenchymal cells are also known as what type of cells?

Back 21

stem cells that can differentiate into odontoblasts

Front 22

what are dendritic cells?

Back 22

APC cells

Front 23

odontoblasts for a layer lining what part of the pulp?

Back 23

the periphery

Front 24

for every dentinla tubule there should be a what?

Back 24

odontoblast

Front 25

the odontoblast process extend into what?

Back 25

dentinal tubules.

Front 26

as odontoblasts migrate centripetally, do they become crowded or spread out?

Back 26

croded.

Front 27

the pulp chamber narrows in size causing odontoblasts to look more or less organized?

Back 27

less organized

Front 28

the number of odontoblasts corresponds to the number of what?

Back 28

dentinal tubules

Front 29

where are odontoblasts numerous and larger?

Back 29

crown odontoblasts are larger than root odontoblasts

Front 30

which are larger cells, odontoblasts in the crown or root?

Back 30

crown

Front 31

what shape are active odontoblasts?

Back 31

columnar

Front 32

what color are active odontoblasts & why?

Back 32

basophilic, bc they are producing proteins

Front 33

odontoblasts that are not active look like what?

Back 33

scanty cytoplasm & denser nucleus

Front 34

do some nerves extend into the dentinal tubules?

Back 34

yes

Front 35

fibroblast are the most abundant cells in pulp and they form which zone?

Back 35

cell-rich zone in the coronal area. they are in the CROWN

Front 36

fibroblasts secrete & maintain pulp matrix through what 2 substances?

Back 36

collagen which they can break down & ground substance

Front 37

by "maintain" we mean what?

Back 37

break down and maintain.

Front 38

undifferentiated ectomesenchymal cells give rise to CT pulp cells such as?

Back 38

odontoblasts & firbroblasts

Front 39

undifferentiated ectomesenchymal cells are found in what 2 zones?

Back 39

cell-rich zone & pulp core

Front 40

what are the shapes & sizes of undifferentiated ectomesenchymal (stem cells) cells?

Back 40

large, polyhedral with large lightly stained nucelus, no protein producing apparatus

Front 41

with age, what happens to the undifferentiated ectomesenchymal cells?

Back 41

diminish with age

Front 42

are undifferentiated ectomesenchymal cells packed tight or loosely scattered?

Back 42

loosely scattered.

Front 43

macrophages' job description is to do what?

Back 43

eliminate dead cells

Front 44

in normal pulp, what is more abundant t or b lymps?

Back 44

t-lymphocytes

Front 45

dendritic cells are APC found in which layer?

Back 45

in or near odontoblast layer

Front 46

t or f: dendritic cells are closely related to vascular and neural elements

Back 46

true

Front 47

dendritic cells are similar to langerhan's cells in epithelium how so?

Back 47

capture antigens & present them to t cells

Front 48

are dendritic cells are more abundant in healthy or carious teeth?

Back 48

carious teeth: help combat infection

Front 49

the pulp extracellular martrix is made up of what 2 substances?

Back 49

collagen fibers & ground susbstance

Front 50

the collagen fibers in the pulp extracellular matrix is made up of what 2 types of collagen?

Back 50

type I & III (reticular fibers)

Front 51

where are collagen fibers denser at in the pulp extracellular matrix?

Back 51

near the apex (important when doing pulpectomy)

Front 52

the ground substance is made up of what?

Back 52

GAGs, glycoproteins & water

Front 53

what is the function of ground substance?

Back 53

-cell support, it's gel like.
-nutrient & metabolism exchange btwn vessels & cells
-medium for nutrient/waste exchange

Front 54

the vascular supply of pulp comes from which arteries?

Back 54

branches of superior & inferior alveolar arteries

Front 55

the superior & inferior alveolar arteries enter via which 2 foramina?

Back 55

apical & accesory foramina

Front 56

t or f: the central vessels are larger and branch into smaller peripheral vessels

Back 56

true

Front 57

capillary beds are located in what region?

Back 57

subodontoblastic region, with some vessels extending through the odotoblast layer to predentin

Front 58

lymphatics of the pulp originate in the coronal region as what? and exit through what?

Back 58

as blind capillaries. they exit via apical foramina

Front 59

which zone is the subodontoblastic plexus of Raschkow found in?

Back 59

only in the crown: cell-free zone

Front 60

nerve fibers enter the dentinal tubles and are found alongside what?

Back 60

odontoblast processes

Front 61

the pulp nerves consist of what type of fibers from CN V?

Back 61

afferent fibers

Front 62

the pulp nerves consist of post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers from where?

Back 62

the superior cervical ganglion (for head & neck)

Front 63

pulp nerves consist of afferent fibers from CN # ?

Back 63

V = trigeminal nerve

Front 64

t or f: pulp nerves consist of post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers from the inferior cervical ganglion?

Back 64

false. SUPERIOR cervical ganglion.nu

Front 65

t of f: Nuclei are located in the brain stem where fibers originate

Back 65

true

Front 66

dentin sensitivity: what type of nerves can distinguish mechanical, thermal & tactile stimuli as well as pain

Back 66

pulpal afferent nerves

Front 67

does the convergence of pulpal afferent fibers with other pulpal afferent fibers and afferents from other orofacial structures makes localization of pulpal pain easy or difficult?

Back 67

difficult: they all converge at the same place so it can be misinterpreted where the pain is coming from

Front 68

what are the types of painful stimuli?

Back 68

temperature (cold air or water), mecahnical stimuli (probe or bur) & dehydration (cotton, air)

Front 69

there are 3 theories of dentinal pain. what's the most accepted theory?

Back 69

hydrodynamic theory

Front 70

what are the 3 proposed theories of dentinal pain?

Back 70

1. direct nerve endings responding to painful stimuli. 2. odontoblast processes act as the pain receptors, not direct. 3. hydrodynamic theory: fluid movement in dent tubules causes pain detected by plexus of Raschkow

Front 71

what's the first theory of dentinal pain?

Back 71

dentin contains nerve endings which respond to painful stimuli: directly.

Front 72

what's the second theory of dentinal pain?

Back 72

odontoblast processes act as pain receptors, and odontoblasts are coupled to pulp nerves: odontoblasts act as transducer,not direct.

Front 73

what's the third theory of dentinal pain?

Back 73

hydrodynamic theory: movement of fluid in the dentinal tubules causes pain detected by pelxus of Raschkow.

Front 74

check out the dental picture in slides

Back 74

try to differentiate all 3 theories from pic

Front 75

what happens to the odontoblast process during the hydrodynamic theory?

Back 75

the process shortens due to the fluid pressing upon it

Front 76

what's another name for pulp stone?

Back 76

denticle

Front 77

what's a denticle?

Back 77

calcified mass that have calcium-phosphate ratios similar to that of dentin

Front 78

what's another name for denticle?

Back 78

pulp stone

Front 79

denticals have what elements involved?

Back 79

calcium & phosphate

Front 80

the ratio of Ca:P in denticles is similar to what other tooth structure?

Back 80

dentin

Front 81

t or f: denticles may be single or multiple and are found at the orifice of the pulp chamber or within the root canal.

Back 81

true

Front 82

what consists of concentric layers of mineralized tissue around blood thrombi, dead cells or collagen fibers?

Back 82

denticles

Front 83

there are 2 types of denticles. what are they?

Back 83

true pulp stones and false pulp stones

Front 84

what's a "true" pulp stone?

Back 84

it contains tubules (like dentin) and are surrounded by odontoblast-like cells

Front 85

what's a "false" pulp stone?

Back 85

they have no cells associated with them, like the mother of pearl

Front 86

what type of stone contains tubules like dentin and are surrounded by odontoblast-like cells?

Back 86

"true" pulp stones

Front 87

what stones have no cells associated with them?

Back 87

false pulp stones

Front 88

pulp stones can be found in 3 different orientations. what are they?

Back 88

attached, free or embedded

Front 89

attached denticles are a union btwn what and what?

Back 89

stone and dentin wall

Front 90

free denticles are completely surrounded by soft tissue (pulp). are they near dentin?

Back 90

NO

Front 91

denticles that are embedded are completely surrounded by what?

Back 91

wall dentin

Front 92

what's the significance of denticles?

Back 92

they can reduce the overall number of cells in the pulp, they show up in radiographs & they can act as impediment to debrdiement and enlargement of root canal system during endodontic treatment

Front 93

changes with aging occurs in pulp. does it decrease or increase in volume?

Back 93

decrease in pulp volume. secondary & reparative dentin take over.

Front 94

as you age there is a reduction in number of pulp cells, especially which type of cells?

Back 94

stem cells

Front 95

t or f: at age 70, there are 1/2 the number of cells as at age 20.

Back 95

true

Front 96

t or f: aging causes loss in axons which correlates with decreased sensitivity and decreased cellular activity.

Back 96

true

Front 97

with age there is an increased incidence of dystrophic calcification. what does this mean?

Back 97

increase of abnormal calcification

Front 98

what happens to the diameter in the dentinal tubule's aging pulp?

Back 98

reduction in diameter

Front 99

is there an increase or decrease of sclerotic dentin & dead tracts in aging dentin?

Back 99

increase

Front 100

as the tubule becomes seclerotic = tubule occlusions = does this slow or hasten the spread of caries?

Back 100

slows

Front 101

t or f: age changes accelerate in response to environmental stimuli such as caries, attrition of enamel (more sclerotic dentin & more secondary dentin)

Back 101

true

Front 102

age changes lessen ability for repair how?

Back 102

younger teeth repair more rapidly. there's greater ability for new odontoblast differentiation.