Histology: Male Genital System

Front 1

testis covering

Back 1

1. t. albuginea: capsule of collagen fibers, few elastic, and smooth m
2. capsule covered by and associated with visceral layer of vaginal tunic
3. vascular layer: branches of testicular aa and vv, interior surface of t. albuginea

Front 2

septuli testis

Back 2

-CT trabeculae that extend
-divides testicular parenchyma into a varying number of testicular lobules
-each lobule contains 1-4 seminiferous tubules

Front 3

mediastinum testis

Back 3

-CT area containing the rete testes and blood vessels
-continuous with septuli testis
-well developed: ruminants, pigs, dogs
- poorly developed: horses

Front 4

seminiferous tubules gen

Back 4

-convoluted (tubuli contorti) and straight (tubuli recti) portions
1. l. propria
2. sustentacular or sertoli cells
3. spermatogenic cells

Front 5

l. propria of seminiferous tubules

Back 5

-surrounds seminferous tubules
- innermost layer: basal lamina of collagen and elastic fibers
- peritubular cells: surround basal lamina, responsible for tubular contraction
-outermost layer: fibrocytes and collagen fibers

Front 6

sustentacular/ sertoli cells of seminiferous tubules

Back 6

-elongated pyramidal
- base: adheres to basal lamina, oval nucleus
-apex extends into lumen of seminiferous tubules
- numerous processes: surround spermatogenic cells, outline poorly defined
- abundant sER, golgi, mitochondria, lysosomes

Front 7

blood testes barrier

Back 7

tight junctions between adjacent sustentacular cells

Front 8

sustentacular/ sertoli cells fx

Back 8

1. nurture, protect and support spermatogenic cells
2. phagocytosis: degenerating spermatogenic cells and detached residual bodies of spermatids
3. production of Mullerian inhibitory hormone
4. secretion of intratubular fluid: sperm transport
5. formation of blood-testes barrier

Front 9

spermatogenic cells of seminiferous tubules

Back 9

-located between and above sustentacular cells
- represent various stages of spermatogenesis: spermatogonia, 1 and 2 spermatocytes, spermatid and spermatozoa

Front 10

spermatogonium

Back 10

-situated next to the basal lamina of seminferous tubules
- relatively small cells
-nucleus: pale-staining chromatin

Front 11

primary spermatocytes

Back 11

-in semiferous tubules
- largest cells
- obvious condensed chromosomes

Front 12

secondary spermatocytes

Back 12

- seminiferous tubules
-short-lived and difficult to observe
-intermediate size: b/w spermatocyte and spermatid

Front 13

spermatids

Back 13

-small cells
-located towards lumen of the seminferous tubules
- undergo spermiogenesis

Front 14

spermatozoa

Back 14

-during transformation, heads become more deepl embedded in the sertoli cells
- later forced out into lumen

Front 15

spaces between semiferous tubules

Back 15

-filled with CT, nerves and blood vessels
- puberty: interstitial cells also

Front 16

interstitial/ Leydig cells

Back 16

-becomes apparent at puberty
-rounded or polygonal
-central nucleus
-eosinophilic cytoplasm with lipids
- characteristics of steroid producing cells: produce testosterone

Front 17

straight tubules (tubuli recti)

Back 17

-connect convoluted tubules to the rete testis
-simple squamous or columnar
- supported by dense CT sheath

Front 18

rete testis

Back 18

- highly anastomotic network of channels
-surrounded loose CT of mediastinum testis
-simple squamous or columnar
-produces testicular fluid

Front 19

ductuli efferentes

Back 19

-connect rete testis to the ductus epididymus
- simple columnar:
1. w/ cilia: helps move spermatozoa
2. w/o cilia: absorb tubular fluid

Front 20

epididymis

Back 20

-surrounded by t. albuginea
-divided into:
1. head and body: maturation
2. tail: spermatazoa storage
-

Front 21

ductus epididymus

Back 21

-long, coiled, pseudostratified
- surround by small amount loos CT and circular smooth m fibers
- basal cells
-columnar cells: tallest in head region, surface has long/branched microvilli= sterocilia

Front 22

ductus deferens mucosa

Back 22

-folded
- pseudostratified that becomes simple columnar towards ends of duct

Front 23

ductus deferens propria-submucosa

Back 23

-loose CT
- rich in elastic fibers
- highly vascularized

Front 24

ductus deferens t. muscularis

Back 24

3 layers: intermingled circular, longitudinal and oblique

Front 25

ductus deferens terminal part

Back 25

- ampullated: except in cats and pigs
- propria-submucosa: simple branched tubulo-alveolar glands
-glands have simple columnar with secretory activity

Front 26

ductus deferens t serosa/ adventitia

Back 26

loose CT

Front 27

animals lacking ampulla of ductus deferens

Back 27

1. cats
2. pigs

Front 28

accesory sex glands

Back 28

1. ampulla of ductus deferens
2. vesicular gland (paired)
3. prostate
4. bulbourethral gland (paired)

Front 29

animals lacking vesicular glands

Back 29

carnivores

Front 30

animals lacking body of the prostate

Back 30

1. sheep
2. goats

Front 31

animals lacking the pars desseminata of the prostate

Back 31

horses

Front 32

animals lacking the bulbourethral gland

Back 32

dog

Front 33

vesicular gland gen

Back 33

-compound tubuloalveolar
-glandular: pseudostratified
- intralobular and main ducts: simple cuboidal
-t muscularis: varying width

Front 34

propria-submucosa of vesicular gland

Back 34

-loose CT
-highly vascularized
- continuous with dense CT trabeculae which may subdivide the organ into lobes and lobules

Front 35

vesicular gland in different species

Back 35

1. horses: true vesicles with a wide central lumen
2. bull: compact, lobulated organ

Front 36

prostate gland

Back 36

-compond tubulo-alveolar
- secretory tubules, alveoli and intraglandular ducts: simple cuboidal or columnar which becomes transitional towards terminal portion of duct
- laminated concentrations of secretory material often in tubules and alveoli

Front 37

parts of prostate gland

Back 37

1. compact (body): surrounds pelvic urethra
2. disseminate: in propria-submucosa of pelvic urethra, surrounded by striated urethral m
-both parts surrounded by dense irregular CT capsule

Front 38

bulbourethral gland gen

Back 38

-compound tubular or tubuloalveolar
- covered by fibroelastic capsule with varying amount of striated mm cells

Front 39

epithelium types of bulbourethral gland

Back 39

1. secretory: simple tall columnar, much mucin reaction
2. collecting ducts: simple cuboidal, dark cytoplasm
3. large intraglandular ducts: pseudostratified that becomes transitional at opening

Front 40

urethra gen

Back 40

-pelvic and penile
-folded, transitional mucosa

Front 41

propria submucosa of different parts of urethra

Back 41

1. pelvic has vascular stratum: erectile tissue, endothelium-lined caverns of various sizes
2. penile has corpus spongiosum: enlarged cavernous spaces

Front 42

tunica muscularis of urethra

Back 42

1. vicinity of bladder: smooth m
2. remainder: striated m
-surrounded by tunica adventitia: loose or dense irregular CT

Front 43

penis gen

Back 43

1. corpora cavernosa
2. corpus spongiosum
3. glans penis

Front 44

corpora cavernosa penis

Back 44

-erectile tissue: endothelium lined caverns, CT and smooth m
-surrounded by t. albuginea
-divided by median septum

Front 45

corpora spongiosum penis

Back 45

surrounds penile urethra
-composed of erectile tissue

Front 46

glans penis

Back 46

-dogs and horses: well developed
- erectile tissue and highly vascularized areolar tissue
- covered by stratified squamous epithelium
-rich in special nerve endings