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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why is blood considered a specialized CT?
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b/c it is a CT whose matrix consists of free flowing ground substance (plasma) no fibers
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The chemical composition of plasma is very similar to what fluid?
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Interstitial fluid
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What is blood composed of?
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(a) Formed elements (Erythrocytes, Leukocytes and Platelets)
(b) Plasma (liquid component in which the formed elements are suspended). |
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What is plasma composed of?
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aqueous solution containing proteins (7%), lipoproteins (10%), amino-acids, vitamins, hormones, and inorganic salts.
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What are some main blood proteins?
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(a) albumins (maintains osmotic pressure of blood and transports metabolites)
(b) gamma globulins (immunoglobulins or antibodies) (c) Alpha-globulins and Beta globulins transport metal ions (Fe, Cu) and lipids as lipoproteins (d) fibrinogen (clotting agent) |
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What is used to stain blood in Blood smear?
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all modifications of the Romanovsky (1891) staining method based on mixtures of methylene blue (basic dye) and eosin (acid dye)
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Erythrocytes
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red blood cells
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Leukocytes
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white blood cells
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What does oxyhemoglobin consist of?
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hemoglobin and oxygen
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Clinical:
What is anisocytosis? |
abnormal variation in rbc size
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Clinical:
What is Poikilocytosis? |
rbc with altered cell shaped like sickle cell anemia
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Clinical:
anemia |
abnormal low values of hemoglobin
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Describe the function of a hemoglobin:
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4 heme groups + 4 highly folded polypeptide chain
carry oxygen and CO2 |
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What is sickle cell anemia?
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single pt. mutation in the gene with a single AA difference.
hydrophilic glutamic --> hydrophobic valine |
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What are the functions of leukocytes?
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involved in the defense of the body and participate in protection against
foreign material including microorganisms. |
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What are the 2 major groups of leukocytes?
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(a) Granulocytes (Neutrophils, Basophils, Eosinophils)
(b) Agranulocytes (Lymphocytes, Monocytes) |
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List 3 characteristics of Granulocytes:
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(i) irregular segmented nuclei
(ii) specific granules (specific size, staining affinities, ultrastructure) (iii) terminal (fully differentiated) cells. |
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List 2 characteristics of Agranulocytes:
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(i) regular nuclei (round or kidney-shaped)
(ii) non-specific granules (also present in other leukocytes) |
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Name granulocytes cells:
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neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils
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name agranulocytes:
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lymphocytes and monocytes
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What are some processes exhibited by Leukocytes?
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Chemotaxis, amoeboid movement, and diapedesis (flattening to move through vasc wall into interst tissue)
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what are some functions of neutrophils?
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* central role in inflammatory
* like marines (first to show) * phago to destroy * tag enemy w/ antibodies * pus is dead neutrophils |
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Fxn of eosinophils:
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* destroy antibody antigen complexes
* release protein to kill parasites * engulf antibody-antigen complexes |
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Fxn of basophils:
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* dilate blood vessels
* heparin and histamine * binding of anitbody will release specific granules |
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Fxn of monocytes:
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* become macrophages
* avid phagoytes * produce cytokines * antigen presenting cells * can join to be giant cell |
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Fxn of lymphocytes:
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Immune response (B, T cells)
* B cells -> plasma cells (antibodies) * T cells kill viral * natural killers |
