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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where do the Secretions of the Endocrine System go?
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-CT around the Glands
-Diffuses into blood -Blood carries hormones to targets |
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Why do Endocrine Glands have lots of Capillaries around them?
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To carry hormones to their targets
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What are some characteristics of Steroid-Producing Cells?
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-Foamy Appearance
-Lots of SER - Convert Cholesterol to Steroids -Lots of Mitochondria Tubular Cristae |
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What are some characteristics of Peptide-Producing Cells?
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-Secretory Granules
-Lots of RER |
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What is the Pituitary Gland Surrounded by?
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Embedded in Bone
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How does the Pituitary Develop?
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-Oral Ectoderm Outpouch
-Meets Downgrowth of Floor of Diencephalon (Neuroectoderm) -Grows Caudally and stays attached to brain within sphenoid bone |
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What is each part of the Pituitary Derived from?
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-Anterior - Oral Ectoderm
-Posterior - Neuroectoderm |
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Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary.
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FLAT PEG
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What is the Neurohypophysis?
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Posterior Pituitary
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What is the Adenohypophysis?
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Ant. Pit.
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Which part of the Pituitary receives Neural Tracts? What does mean for staining?
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-Post. Pit. - Pars Nervosa
-Stains Lighter |
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What are the 3 regions of the Ant. Pit.?
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-Pars Distalis - Largest
-Pars Tuberalis - Neck Region Between the 2 -Pars Intermedia - Region Between Ant. and Post. Pit., thin band |
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How does the ant. pit. get its stimulus?
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Hypophyseal Portal System
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Why does the Posterior Lobe Stain Lighter than the Anterior?
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Contains Nerve Tracts
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Describe the Pars Distalis.
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-Bulk of the Ant. Pit.
-Lots of CT -Irregular Cords or Epithelial Cells -Acidophils, Basophils, Chromophobes |
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Where is the Pars Tuberalis Found?
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-Ant. Pit.
-Goes around the Stalk that forms to help form the Posterior Lobe |
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What the fuck is the Pars Intermedia?
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-Between Ant. and Post. Pit.
-Contains Colloidal Cysts -MSH - Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone -Beta-Lipoprotein - LPH |
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What are some Acidophils? How do they stain?
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-Pink
-Somatotrophs - GH -Lactotrophs - Prolactin |
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What are some Basophils? How do they stain?
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-Clear
-Thyrotrophs - TSH -Gonadotrophs - FSH, LH -Corticotrophs - ACTH |
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What are the Blue Cells in the Ant. Pit.?
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-Nucleus of Chromophobes
-Basophils are stained Clear to Light Blue |
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What are Chromophobes thought to be?
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Resting or Emptied Chromophils
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What type of Ant. Pit. Cells will have more Granules?
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Acidotrophs
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Why is it important pathologically to identify different cells in Ant. Pit?
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To tell which cells might be affected and which enzymes might be deficienct
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Describe the Capillaries in Endocrine Tissue. Why are they this way?
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-Fenestrated
-Large Fenestration -Peptides and other Hormones need a Larger window to get through |
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What kind of Nerve Tracts is the Post. Pit. Receiving? Where are they from?
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-Unmyelinated
-Supraoptic and Paraventricular Nuclei of the Hypothalamus |
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Where do we find the Terminal of Unmyelinated axons in the Post. Pit?
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Pars Nervosa
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What are Herring Bodies? Where are they found?
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-Ends of Terminals of Unmyelinated Axons in Post. Pit.
-Store: ADH and Oxytocin |
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Where are ADH and Oxytocin Synthesized? Stored?
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-Hypothalamus
-Post. Pit. |
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What are Pituicytes?
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-Branched Glial Cells
-Support Cells -Look like Nervous Tissue |
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Compare the Staining of the Pars Intermedia and Pars Nervosa.
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-Intermedia - Darker
-Nervosa - Light and Wavy from Nerve Tracts |
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Where do Hormones sit in the Post. Pit before they Diffuse into Blood Vessels? How does this area stain?
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-Herring Bodies
-Bluish |
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How do Pituicytes stain?
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Darker
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Where is Melatonin Produced? Where is it involved in?
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-Pineal Gland
-Circadian Rhythms, Sleep, Gonadrotrophin Release |
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What is the Parasympathetic Stimulus on the Pineal Gland?
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Light
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Where are the Nuclei of the Nerve Tracts in the Posterior Pit.?
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They're not here! They are in the Hypothalamus. Only Axons are found here.
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What is often the distinguishing characteristic of Pinealocytes?
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-Large
-2 Nucleoli - Dark Dots |
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What do Astrocytes in the Pineal Gland look similar to?
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-Macrophages
-Neural Tissue |
