Histology: Key Words- Gi, Male And Female Repro

Front 1

Layers of the digestive tract

Front 2

mucosa

Back 2

epithelium + lamina propria + muscularis mucosae

Front 3

lamina propria

Back 3

loose CT rich in blood and lymph vessels and smooth muscle cells, sometimes glands and lymphoid tissue

Front 4

muscularis mucosae

Back 4

consists of a thin inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle cells

Front 5

submucosa

Back 5

dense CT with many blood and lymph vessels and a submucosal (Meissner's) nerve plexus, may contain glands and lymphoid tissue

Front 6

meissner's submucosal plexus

Back 6

located in the submucosa of the duodenum and stimulates the glands to secrete

Front 7

muscularis

Back 7

contains smooth muscle cells that are spirally oriented and divided into two sublayers : circular and longitudinal, contains myenteric (Aurbach's) nerve plexus

Front 8

auerbach's plexus

Back 8

located between the inner circular smooth muscle layer and outer longitudinal smooth muscle layer and stimulate peristaltic contractions

Front 9

adventitia

Back 9

outer layer of digestive tract, CT without mesothelium, connects digestive organ to other organs or structures

Front 10

serosa

Back 10

loose CT + mesothelium (simple squamous epithelium)

Front 11

esophagus

Front 12

esophageal glands are classified as

Back 12

compound tubuloalveolar

Front 13

mucosal epithelium of the esophagus

Back 13

stratified squamous non-keratinized

Front 14

esophageal glands

Back 14

small mucus secreting glands in the submucosa, secretion facilitates the transport of foodstuffs and protects the mucosa

Front 15

cardiac glands

Back 15

glands in the lamina propria of the cardiac stomach, secrete mucus and lysozyme

Front 16

stomach

Front 17

epithelium of the cardiac stomach

Back 17

simple columnar, mucous secreting cells, protect stomach from acids

Front 18

cardiac portion

Back 18

portion of the stomach closest to the esophagus

Front 19

fundic portion

Back 19

same as body portion of the stomach

Front 20

pyloric portion

Back 20

portion of the stomach closest to the duodenum

Front 21

rugae

Back 21

longitudinal folds of the mucosa and submucosa found on the inner surface of the stomach, accommodate expansion

Front 22

mucosal gastric pits

Back 22

invaginations of the simple columnar epithelium of the fundic region of the stomach

Front 23

mucosal fundics (gastric) glands

Back 23

simple or branched tubular glands extending into the lamina propria - contain neck and base portions

Front 24

parietal cells of fundic gland

Back 24

stain brightly acidophilic, secrete HCL which activates pepsinogen

Front 25

chief cells of fundic gland

Back 25

produces the inactive enzyme pepsinogen which turns to pepsin in acid environment, stain basophilic,

Front 26

mucosal fundic gland - neck

Back 26

consists of stem cells, parietal cells, and mucous cells

Front 27

mucosal fundic gland - base

Back 27

contains chief cells, parietal cells, and enteroendocrine cells

Front 28

chyme

Back 28

pulpy fluid produced by the mixing action and partial digestion of food in the stomach

Front 29

argentaffin cells

Back 29

cells that take up silver stain

Front 30

APUD cells

Back 30

type of cell in the mucosa, Amine Precursor Uptake Decarboxylase

Front 31

Gastrin (G) cells

Back 31

enteroendocrine cells that produce gastrin which stimulates the release of HCl, release secretions in the capillaries of the lamina propria

Front 32

mucosal pyloric glands

Back 32

branched tubular glands located in the lamina propria and secrete mucus and lysozyme

Front 33

intrinsic factor

Back 33

assists in the absorption of B12

Front 34

surface mucous cells

Back 34

secrete an alkaline mucous, form a hydrophobic gel, protects, maijtains intracellular pH and bicarbonate production

Front 35

small intestine

Front 36

duodenum

Back 36

segment of the small intestine closest to the stomach

Front 37

jejunum

Back 37

middle segment of the small intestine

Front 38

ilium

Back 38

segment of the small intestine closest to the large intestine

Front 39

plicae circulares

Back 39

permanent transverse folds of the small intestine that contain a core of the submucosal layer

Front 40

villi

Back 40

outerward growths of the mucosa that project into the lumen of the small intestine, duodenum: leaf shaped, ileum: finger shaped

Front 41

crypts of Leiberkuhns (intestinal glands)

Back 41

simple tubular glands between the villi in the duodenum and jejunum

Front 42

intestinal absorptive cells (enterocytes)

Back 42

tall columnar cells in the small intestine, oval nucleus in the basal half of the cell, contain brush border of microvilli

Front 43

goblet cells

Back 43

interspersed between the absorptive cells, increase in # as approach ileum, produce acid glycoproteins used to form mucus

Front 44

Argentaffin cells

Back 44

cells that take up silver stain

Front 45

Paneth cells

Back 45

located in the basal portion of the musosal layer of the small intestine, contain secretory granules in the apex of the cell that contain lysozyme and destroy bacteria

Front 46

APUD cells

Back 46

type of cell in the mucosa, Amine Precursor Uptake Decarboxylase

Front 47

Duodenal (Brunner's) glands

Back 47

located in the submucosa of the duodenum, coiled tubular glands that open into the intestinal glands, mucous secreting cells that produce alkaline secretions, neutralize acidic chymes

Front 48

Peyer's patches

Back 48

aggregates of lymphoid nodules located in the lamina propria and submucosa of the small intestine, most in the ileum, covering consists of M cells

Front 49

m-cell

Back 49

modified columnar cell found in the mucosa of the ileum, transfer foreign materials to lymphocytes in Peyer's patches

Front 50

mucosa of the duodenum

Back 50

epithelium and lamina propria form outgrowths = villi

Front 51

submucosa of the duodenum

Back 51

dense CT + Brunner's glands

Front 52

lacteals

Back 52

blind ending lymphatic capillaries located in the lamina propria of the villi of the duodenum

Front 53

large intestine

Front 54

cecum

Back 54

a pouch connected to the ascending colon of the large intestine and the ileum

Front 55

appendix

Back 55

envagination of the cecum, characterized by small, narrow, irregular lumen, has abundant lymphoid follicles, no teniae coli

Front 56

colon

Back 56

the biggest part of the large intestine. function of the colon is extraction of water from feces

Front 57

rectum

Back 57

the final straight portion of the large intestine

Front 58

goblet cells

Back 58

glandular simple columnar epithelial cells whose sole function is to secrete mucus.

Front 59

crypts of Leiberkuhns (intestinal glands)

Back 59

simple tubular glands between the villi in the duodenum and jejunum

Front 60

teniae coli

Back 60

thick longitudinal bands in the muscularis, composed of fibers in the outer longitudinal layer

Front 61

Classical live lobule

Back 61

Polygons of cells. Central vein (CV) lies in center, and portal triads line the periphery.

Front 62

Portal Lobule

Back 62

Exocrine model. Triad in the middle, and bile secretion collected into ductules in the triad

Front 63

hepatic acinus (functional unit of Rappaport)

Back 63

Blood perfusion of lobules. 3 Zones which the periphery will be the most sensitive to stimuli from triads. (I.e. Oxygen, alcohol)

Front 64

Glisson's capsule

Back 64

dense CT capsule surrounds the four lobes of the liver

Front 65

hepatocytes

Back 65

Parenchyma of the liver. Line in cords in lobule. Secrets bile, albumin, coagulation factor, cholesterol, glucose. Large. (Also look space of disse, and bile canaliculus)

Front 66

mono- and binucleate cells

Back 66

– 25% of the Parenchyma. Nuclei are round and centrally located. Some can be polyploidy.

Front 67

endoplasmic reticulum

Back 67

A lot of smooth and rough. RER aggregate to form basophilic bodies. Important for detoxificatio

Front 68

portal triad

Back 68

Portal venule, bile duct, and hepatic arteriole, size decreasing respectively. Around the periphery of the liver lobule.

Front 69

portal venule

Back 69

– Part of hepatic portal system. Nutrients from gut blood.

Front 70

bile duct

Back 70

Opposite flow of blood. Collects bile to transport into gallbladder. Cuboidal to columnar.

Front 71

hepatic arteriole

Back 71

Relatively thick walled. Coming from aorta, and oxygenates the liver.

Front 72

Sinusoids

Front 73

space of disse

Back 73

Separates the endothelial cells from hepatocytes.

Front 74

kupffer cells

Back 74

macrophages lying on the lumina surface of the endothelium

Front 75

Fat-storing cells

Back 75

Lipids from liver are stored in the form of lipid droplets in hepatocyte.

Front 76

Bile canaliculus

Back 76

Specialization of the plasma membranes between adjacent hepatocytes for transporting bile.

Front 77

bile ductules

Back 77

Carries bile opposite the blood towards the periphery. Runs along the cords of hepatocytes, towards the bile duct in portal triad.

Front 78

Pancreas

Front 79

exocrine portion

Front 80

centroacinar cells

Back 80

o   Intercalated ducts penetrating lumen of acini. Makes sure that no pancreatic enzymes are leaked out.

Front 81

acinar (exocrine) cells

Back 81

o   Exocrine cells which secrete proteases, nucleases, lipases, amylases, and alkaline fluid. Stimulated by CCK of enteroendocrine or vagus nerve.

Front 82

endocrine portion

Back 82

Islets of langerhan section, secreting glucagon (alpha), insulin (beta), somatostatin (delta), and PP (F cell).

Front 83

islets of langerhans

Back 83

Endocrine portion of the pancreas. Light staining.

Front 84

gall bladder

Back 84

Cystic duct of gall bladder joins the hepatic duct to form common bile duct. Removes water from bile and concentrates to secrete into the duodenum.

Front 85

salivary glands

Back 85

Functional unit as acinus.

Front 86

parotid

Back 86

– found below and in front of the ear. Mostly serous, high in amylase activity. (Starch -> glucose)

Front 87

submandibular

Back 87

submaxillary, at the floor of the mouth. Mixed glad, favoring the serous acini.

Front 88

sublingual

Back 88

Also at the floor of the mouth, mostly mucous glands. Lacks intercalated ducts.

Front 89

acinus

Front 90

serous demilune

Back 90

– Half moon serous cells capping the ends of MUCOUS acini. Secretes lysozyme.

Front 91

ducts

Front 92

intercalated

Back 92

come from within the cluster of acini, and connects of striated duct.

Front 93

striated (intralobular)

Back 93

A lot of mitochondria and basal infoldings. Regulates ion levels/ transport. Mostly in parotid and submaxilla.

Front 94

extraloblar (interlobular)

Back 94

Excretory ducts. Convergence of striated ducts. Stratified columnar with few mucous secreting cells.

Front 95

Testis

Front 96

tunica albuginea

Back 96

thick dense CT; appears white; capsule of the organ

Front 97

mediastinum testis

Back 97

: the thickened tunica albuginea located on the posterior portion of the testis

Front 98

lobules

Front 99

tunica vaginalis

Back 99

surrounds the male testis; remnants of the peritoneal cavity

Front 100

interstitium

Front 101

interstitial cells (of Leydig)

Back 101

: principal cell type found in the interstitial supporting tissue between the seminiferous tubules; important site for the production of androgens.

Back 102

-         Synthesize and secrete male sex hormone Testosterone

Back 103

-         Stimulated by LH from the adenohypophysis

Front 105

Seminiferous tubules

Back 105

: a web of loose CT that is rich in blood and lympathic vessesls, nerves, and Leydig cells. These tubules produce male reproductive cells, spermatozoa

Front 106

seminiferous epithelium

Front 107

tunica propria

Front 108

myoid cells

Back 108

fibroblast like cells that contain actin/myosin filaments (contractile)

Front 109

intercelullar bridges

Front 110

spermatogenesis

Back 110

process by which spermatozoids are formed

Front 111

1. Spermatogonia – primitive germ cell produces Type A Spermatogonia (stem cell) and Type B Spermatogonia

Front 112

2. Type B spermatogonia – progenitor cells that differentiate into primary spermatocytes

Front 113

3. Primary Spermatocyte – 1st meiotic division (22 day prophase); largest cells of spermatogenia; 46 chromosomes (44 + XY)

Front 114

4. Secondary Spermatocyte – 2nd meiotic division; 23 chromosomes (22 + X/Y)

Front 115

5. Spermatids- haploid cell; 23 chromosomes

Front 116

6. Spermiogenesis: final stage, spermatids are transformed into spermatozoa (cell highly specialized to deliver male DNA to the ovum)

Front 117

a.Formation of acrosome

Front 118

b.Condensation & elongation of the nucleus

Front 119

c. Development of flagellum

Front 120

d. Loss of cytoplasm

Front 121

spermatozoa

Front 122

acrosome

Back 122

spread over the condensed nucleus; contains several hydrolytic enzymes, such as hyaluronidase, neuroaminidase, acid phophatase and protease. This is a specialized type of lysosome. These enzymes

Front 123

head

Back 123

contain the nucleus with condensed chromatin and the acrosome cap

Front 124

flagellum

Front 125

middle piece

Back 125

contain mitochondria, axoneme, and dense fibers forming the thickened region.

Front 126

principal piece

Back 126

most of the tail length; consists of a central core (axoneme)

Front 127

end piece

Back 127

axoneme only; very short tapering portion

Front 128

dense fibers

Back 128

strengthening rods, sine wave like pattern

Front 129

axoneme

Back 129

9 +2 arrangement of microtubules; generation of energy for flagellum.

Front 130

residual bodies

Back 130

droplet of cytoplasm engulfed by Sertoli cells

Front 131

sertoli cells

Back 131

elongated pyramidal supporting cells; rests on the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubule

Back 132

a. bound together by occluding juctions “blood-testis barrier”

Front 133

basal compartment

Back 133

b. Functions

Back 134

-         mediate all metablic exchange with the systemic compartment

Back 135

-         support, protection, and nutritional regulation of the developing spermatozoa

Back 136

-         Secretion – seminiferous tubule fluid

Back 137

-         Production of anti-mullerian hormone

Back 138

-         Blood-testis barrier

Back 139

-         Production of inhibin B

Back 140

-         phagocytosis of discarded spermatid cytoplasm

Back 142

* stimulated by FSH from the adenohypophysis

Front 143

adluminal compartment

Front 145

-- Hormonal Influence

Back 146

Testosterone – stimulates spermatogenesis

Back 147

Estrogens & Progestogens – inhibit spermatogenesis

Back 148

LH acts on interstitial cells (Leydig)

Back 149

FSH acts on sertoli cells

Front 151

Ovary

Front 152

medullary region

Back 152

most internal part of the ovary; contains a rich vascular bed within a loose connective tissue

Front 153

cortical region

Back 153

underneath the tunica albuginea it is the place where ovarian follicles dominate

Front 154

tunica albuginea

Back 154

under the germinal epithelium a layer of dense connective tissue which is responsible for the whitish color of the ovary/ functions :- produce female gametes (oocytes),hold a fertilized oocyte during its complete development through embryonic and fetal stages until birth.,produces secxual hormones that control organs of the reproductive system and influence other organs of the body

Front 155

germinal epithelium

Front 156

ovarian follicles

Front 157

primordial

Back 157

1. a single layer of flattened cells surround the primary oocyte during the 7th month of fetal development. Meiosis remains at this stage (prophase) until the female reaches sexual maturity./ all female germ cells are present at birth

Front 158

primary

Back 158

: follicular cells form a stratified follicular epithelium (granulosa layer) whose cell communicate through gap junctions

Front 159

secondary

Back 159

1. : follicles grow and move deeper into the cortical region.

Front 160

mature (Graafian)

Back 160

1. the dominant follicle of a group of growing follicles enters the most developed stages of follicular growth and undergo ??

Front 161

zona pellucida

Back 161

a thick amorphous layer surrounds the oocyte and is secreted by several glycoproteins

Front 162

granulosa cells

Back 162

a. stratified columnar epithelium; cell communicate through gap junction.

Front 163

theca interna

Back 163

a. outer layer of the oocyte; produce the androstenedione steroid that is transported to the granulose layer.

Front 164

theca externa

Back 164

consists mainly of organized layers of fibroblasts that surround the theca interna

Front 165

antrum

Back 165

a. a cavity small spaces of coalesced liquor fluid and surrounding granulose cells.

Front 166

follicular fluid

Back 166

a. a liquid that begins to accumulate between the follicular cells; hormones and signaling occurs here.

Front 167

cumulus oophorus

Back 167

a. small hillock of cells that concentrate on the follicular wall layer and contains the oocyte.

Front 170

corpus luteum

Back 170

temporay endocrine gland containing the granulose cells and the cells of the theca interna of the ovulated follicle.

Front 171

granulosa lutein cells

Back 171

: under the influence of LH granulose cells increase greatly in size and begin secretion of progesterone

Front 172

theca lutein cells

Back 172

: secrete estrogen which are necessary to maintain the thickened uterine mucosa

Front 173

corpus albicans

Back 173

“white bodies” a scar of dense connective tissue (collagen) produced by fibroblasts invading the area. Corpus albican represents the fate of the corpus luteum after pregnancy does not occur. It causes by the decrease of progesterone secretion.

Front 174

interstitial cells

Back 174

active steroid secretors stimulated by LH; remnants of theca interna cells after atresia

Front 175

meiosis

Front 176

oogenesis

Front 177

follicular atresia

Back 177

the degeneration of female germ cells at any stage of follicular maturation. The oocytes are disposed by phagocytic cells.

Front 178

ovulation

Back 178

consists of the rupture of part of the wall of the mature follicle and liberation of the oocyte.

Front 179

endocrine function

Front 180

follicle

Back 180

: The theca interna secrete progesterone and estrogen precursors. They promote proliferation of the endometrium in readiness for the implantation of a fertilized ovum.

Front 181

corpus luteum

Back 181

after ovulation the granulose cells and cells of the theca interna of the ovulated follicle reorganize to form a temporary endocrine gland, which is embedded with the cortical region. Secrete progesterone and estrogen.

Front 183

-         LH: stimulates ovulation; in response to high circulating estrogen levels. Occurs within minutes after the increase in blood LH.

Front 184

-         1st meiotic division is completed just before ovulation (until this moment the oocyte was in prophase I of meiosis)

Front 186

Follicular Development

Front 187

1. Oogonia: during early fetal development these primordial germ cells migrate into the ovarian cortex where they multiply by mitosis.

Front 188

2. Primary Oocytes: by the 4th or 5th month of hum fetal development some oogonia enlarge and assume the potential for development into mature gametes. Commence the 1st stage of meiosis

Front 189

3. Primordial Follicles: a single layer of flattened cells surround the primary oocyte during the 7th month of fetal development. Meiosis remains at this stage (prophase) until the female reaches sexual maturity.

Front 190

Note: all female germ cells are present at birth.

Front 191

uterine tube (aka oviduct, fallopian tube)

Back 191

lined by a ciliated epithelium in which the cilia beat towards the uterus, ovulated cell mass is picked up by fimbrias which move over ovary surface, egg mass is transported down the highly convoluted tube by cilia and by peristalsis, sperm meets egg in tube.

Front 192

intramural portion

Back 192

inside the wall of uterus, small simple lumen, lots of muscle

Front 193

isthmus

Back 193

longest part of oviduct (connection b/w 2 parts), highly folded, but actually only one tube like semineferous

Front 194

ampulla

Back 194

fertilization usually happens here

Front 195

infundibulum

Back 195

stalk of uterus with fimbraie

Front 196

fimbriae

Back 196

a fringe of fingerlike extensions on one extremity of the infundibulum leading to the fallopian tubes.

Front 197

uterus

Back 197

huge amount of smooth muscle capable of division , lining (endothelium) grows in depth under the influence of estrogen and progesterone (proliferative phase), progesterone withdrawal due to cessation of function of corpus luteum leads to shedding of superficial part of endometrium (secretory phase)

Front 198

uterus body

Back 198

corpus of uterus that lies above a narrowing of the uterine cavity. Site of embryo gestation

Front 199

uterus fundus

Back 199

dome shaped portion of the body of the uterus.

Front 200

uterus cervix

Back 200

structure of the uterus which lies beneath the uterine body

Front 201

uterus endometrium

Back 201

thickened mucosal lining of uterus that regresses and sheds during menses. Consists of ep., and a lamina propria with simple tubular glands that may branch in deeper portions. Eps are mix of ciliated and secretory and are all simple columnar.

Front 202

uterus myometrium coiled (spiral) arteries

Back 202

rich network of arteries supported by CT in the myometria

Front 203

uterus functional layer

Back 203

above the basal layer I the endometrium contains upper portions of glands, lamina propria, and surface epithelium. Undgeoes extensive change in menses.

Front 204

uterus basal layer

Back 204

deepest layer of endometrium, adjacent to myometrium. It contains a lamina propria and the closed tips of uterine glands.

Front 205

vagina

Back 205

expansile muscular tube specialized for the passage of the fetus to the external environment and the reception of the penis during coitus. External folds are called labia. Strat, non-corn., sq.

Front 206

vaginal epithelium

Back 206

stratified, non-cornified (non-keratinizing) squamous epthelial lining

Front 207

breast lactiferous duct

Back 207

duct that drains each mammary lobe via a separate opening on the surface of the nipple. Basically structures which take milk to nipple in lactation

Front 208

breast mammary lobules

Back 208

within each lobe of breasts, the main duct branches repeatedly to form terminal ducts, each which leads to a lobule consisting of multiple acini

Front 209

menstrual cycle

Back 209

a new cycle of endometrial proliferation

Front 210

breast

Back 210

made up of acina of glandular epithelium and lactiferous ducts; embedded in unilocular adipose tissue. Glandular epithelium expands and alters activity depending on hormones, substantial lymphatic drainage, site of high # of malignancies

Front 211

testes

Back 211

: each testis is surrounded by a thick capsule of dense CT, the tunica albuginea. This tunica thickens at the posterior to form the mediastinum testis, from which septa penetrate the gland to form the testicular lobules, each of which contains one to four seminiferous tubules.

Front 212

rete testis

Back 212

: network of flattened channels in the mediastinum testis

Front 213

seminiferous tubule

Back 213

produce male reproductive cells (spermatozoa) via spermatogenesis.

Front 214

tubuli recti

Back 214

each loop of seminiferous tubule ends in a straight section that connect them to the rete testis. Simple Cuboidal epithelium, proximal cells probably modified sertoli cells.

Front 215

ductuli efferentes

Back 215

AKA efferent ducts. Excurrent duct portion connecting the rete testis to the cephalic (caput) portion of the epididymis. Tall columnar epithelial cells have cilia that beat in the direction of the epididymis. Cuboidal cells of unknown function. Together they give a “scalloped” look in section.

Front 216

epididymis

Back 216

: Highly coiled tubule that transports spermatozoa to the ductus deferens. It’s here that the spermatozoa mature, becoming fertile (egg recognition) and gaining motility (though they won’t be using their motility until after ejaculation). Also, H2O is extracted by the epididymis. Lined by a psuedostratified columnar epithelium to increase surface area. Uptake and digestion of residual bodies.

Front 217

caput

Back 217

AKA head. A swelling at the head of the epididymis, most of it is actually part of the efferent ductules.

Front 218

corpus

Back 218

AKA body. The main portion of the epididymis

Front 219

cauda

Back 219

AKA tail. The final portion of the epididymis. Here the lumen become wider and the sperm more closely packed together as much H2O has been absorbed. Fairly insignificant in humans, merges into the proximal portion of the vas deferens.

Front 220

principal cells

Back 220

the tall columnar cells of the psuedostratified epithelium, comprising most of the cells of the epididymis.

Front 221

sterocilia

Back 221

: long microvilli that cover the open surface of the epididymis. These extensions increase the surface area of the cell allowing for greater absorption and secretion. The stereocilia have no internal structure and, unlike true cilia, are non-motile.

Front 222

seminal vesicle

Back 222

paired glands that synthesize the main component of semen (60% by volume). Although each has a single lumen, the epithelium is so highly folded that the gland appears to consist of many ducts. Surrounded by a thick capsule and a relatively thick muscular layer.

Front 223

fructose

Back 223

most abundant carbohydrate produced by the seminal vesicle, used by sperm as a source of energy under some conditions.

Front 225

ejaculatory duct

Back 225

begin at the vas deferens, pass through the prostate, and empty into the urethra at the Colliculus seminalis. During ejaculation, semen passes through the ducts and exits the body via the penis.

Front 226

prostate

Back 226

: a collection of 30 – 50 branched tubuloalveolar exocrine glands, whose ducts empty into the prostatic urethra. The secretory components of the gland are divided into three concentric layers.

Front 227

PSA

Back 227

AKA serine protease. Breaks down seminal fluid into a liquid solution out of which sperm can swim.

Front 228

mucosal gland

Back 228

The innermost area is comprised of mucosal glands which are concentrated around and secrete into the upper region of the prostatic urethra.

Front 229

submucosal gland

Back 229

The middle or internal area contains submucosal glands which secrete via short ducts into the urethral sinuses.

Front 230

main prostatic gland

Back 230

The outer or peripheral area constitutes the majority of the gland and secretes via long ducts into the urethral sinuses.

Front 231

prostatic concretions

Back 231

AKA corpora amylacea. Small spherical bodies of calcified glycoproteins occupying the lumen of some prostatic glands.

Front 233

bulbourethral glands

Back 233

AKA Cowper’s glands. Tubuloalveolar glands lined with mucous-secreting simple cuboidal epithelium. Skeletal and smooth muscle divide it into lobes. Secreted mucous is a lubricant for coitus.

Front 234

sperm transport

Back 234

Seminiferous tubules, tubuli recti, rete testis, ductuli efferentes, ductus epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra

Front 235

sperm maturation

Back 235

occurs in the epididymis (see above).

Front 236

ductus deferens

Back 236

AKA vas deferens. A straight tube with a thick muscular wall; continuous witht eh epididymis. Narrow lumen, crenellated in appearance like the lumen of a ureter. Psuedostratified epithelium.