Histology Image Flashcards

Front 1

Identify the regions and structures.

Back 1

Blue line - Tunica Albuginea
Yellow Arrow - mediastinum testis
TL - Testicular Lobules

Front 2

Identify the indicated structures or regions.

Back 2

Blue Arrows - Straight tubules (tubuli recti)
Yellow Arrows - Reti testes

Front 3

Identify the indicated structures or regions

Back 3

Blue arrows - Seminiferous tubules
TA - Tunia albuginea

Front 4

Identify the indicated structures or regions.

Back 4

Leydig Cells

Front 5

Identify the indicated structures or regions

Back 5

Myeloid Cells

Front 6

Identify the indicated structures or regions

Back 6

Red Arrows - Spermatazoa
Blue Arrows - Spermatids

Front 7

Identify the indicated structures or regions

Back 7

Red Arrows - Spermatocytes
Green Arrows - Spermatids

Front 8

Identify the indicated structures or regions

Back 8

Red Arrows - Primary Spermatocytes

Front 9

Identify the indicated structures or regions

Back 9

Yellow Arrows - Sertoli Cells
Blue Arrows - Spermatogonia

Front 10

Where are the vasa recta?

Back 10

Blood vessel In the medulla of the Kidney.

Front 11

What is the major histological difference between the anterior and posterior pituitary?

Back 11

Anterior is darker than the pituitary because the pituitary is nervous tissue.

Front 12

Pituicyte

Back 12

Glial cells of the posterior pituitary.

Front 13

What are chief cells and where are they located?

Back 13

The predominant cells in the parathyroid that produce PTH.

Front 14

What are the major layers of the uterus?

Back 14

Stratum functionalis, endometrium, stratum basale, and the myometrium.

Front 15

What are chromaffin cells?

Back 15

The most common cells in the medulla adrenal gland.

Front 16

What is the distinguishing features of the bladder?

Back 16

Transitional epithelium and lots of smooth muscle.

Front 17

What's the difference between early and late spermatids?

Back 17

Early spermatids look like spermatocytes near the lumen while late spermatids look more like spermatozoa (mature sperm).

Front 18

What are the main functions of Sertoli cells?

Back 18

1 - Nutrition for developing spermatozoa
2 - Produce androgen binding protein (ABP) and inhibin
3 - Produce anti-mullerian hormone
4 - Phagocytize residual bodies shed during spermeogenesis

Front 19

What function does the blood-testes barrier serve for sperm production?

Back 19

The blood-testes barrier protects the sperm from the immune system and blood borne toxins.

Front 20

What is the main function of Leydig cells?

Back 20

1 - Produce testosterone under the influence of LH

Front 21

Identify the indicated structures or cells.

Back 21

Smooth muscle cells (epididymis).

Front 22

Identify the indicated structures or cells.

Back 22

Stereociliated pseudostratefied columnar epithelium

Front 23

Identify the indicated structures or cells.

Back 23

Stereocilia

Front 24

Identify the indicated structures or cells.

Back 24

Spermatozoa

Front 25

What organ is this? Identify the cell type of the layer indicated using the yellow line.

Back 25

Seminal Vesicle - Smooth Muscle

Front 26

Identify the organ and the indicated structures or cells.

Back 26

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium and sperm.

Front 27

Identify the organ and indicated layer, cells, or structures.

Back 27

- The Vas Deferens
- The inner circular, median longitudinal, and outer longitudinal smooth muscle layers

Front 28

Identify the organ and indicated layer, cells, or structures.

Back 28

- The Vas Deferens
- The inner circular, median longitudinal, and outer longitudinal smooth muscle layers

Front 29

What do the seminal vesicles produce?

Back 29

A yellow alkaline fluid that includes fructose, citrate, prostaglandins, and proteins.

Front 30

The layers of the Vas Deferns.

Back 30

L - The Lumen
EP - Stereociliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
LP - Lamina Propria
IL - Inner longitudinal muscle layer
MC - Middle circular muscle layer
OL - Outer longitudinal muscle layer

Front 31

Identify the organ and its function.

Back 31

The prostate gland surrounds the urethra and produces postatic fluid hat includes citric acid, acid phosphates, amylase, fibrolysin, and lipids.

Front 32

What are these and where are they found and under what conditions?

Back 32

Postatic concretions (corpora amylacea) found in an aged prostate.

Front 33

What organ(s) is/are shown here?

Back 33

The ovary and oviduct/fallopian tube.

Front 34

Identify the organ and the noted structures or layers.

Back 34

Ovary - Blue is cortex and Yellow is medulla

Front 35

Identify the organ and the layer or structure indicated.

Back 35

Ovary - Germinal epithelium (cuboidal)

Front 36

Identify the organ and the major structures indicated.

Back 36

Ovary
Blue Arrows - Primordial Follicles
Yellow Arrows - Primary (Unilaminar) Follicles
Red Arrow - Secondary Follicle

Front 37

Identify the organ and structures/layers/cells indicated.

Back 37

Ovary
Yellow arrow - Unilaminar primary follice
Green line - Zona pellucida
Blue line - Granulosa cell layer
Red line - Theca interna

Front 38

Identify the organ and structures/layers/cells indicated.

Back 38

Ovarian secondary follice:
A - Antrum
CO - Cumulus oophorus (specifically the corona radiata)

Front 39

Identify the organ and the indicated structures/layers/cells.

Back 39

Ovarian secondary follicle:
Yellow line - Theca externa
Red line - Theca interna
Blue line - Granulosa
Green line - Zona Pellucidaa
A - Antrum
O - Oocyte
CR - Corona radiata

Front 40

Identify the organ and the indicated structures/layers/cells.

Back 40

Atretic follices

Front 41

Which two layers of an ovarian follice become the corpus luteum?

Back 41

The theca interna and the granulosa

Front 42

What happens to the corpus luteum when fertilization does not occur.

Back 42

It degrades and regresses into the corpus albicans.

Front 43

When does the first meiotic division of an oocyte take place and what hormone induces it?

Back 43

During ovulation under the influence of LH.

Front 44

What maintains the corpus luteum after pregnancy?

Back 44

Human chorionic gonadotropin.

Front 45

Identify the organ and the indicated layer. What type of cells are found here?

Back 45

Oviduct
The ampulla, under the blue line, is composed of three smooth muscle layers.

Front 46

Identify the organ and the type of cells that are indicated.

Back 46

Oviduct
These are ciliated columnar epithelial cells. Peg cells (non ciliated) are also found here.

Front 47

Identify the organ and the noted structure

Back 47

Cervix
Junction of Oss

Front 48

Identify the organ and the indicated structures.

Back 48

Vagina
Red Arrows - Smooth muscle
Yellow Arrows - Blood vessels

Front 49

Identify the organ and indicated structure.

Back 49

Mammary Gland
Intralobular duct

Front 50

Identify the organ and the structures indicated. What cells are found here and what do they produce?

Back 50

Pancreas
Islets of Langerhaans contain alpha, beta, and gamma cells which produce glucagon, insulin, and somatostatin respectively.

Front 51

Identify the organ and indicated regions.

Back 51

Pituitary
The lower (darker) portion is the anterior pituitary which is divided into the Pars Tuberalis (PT), Pars Intermedia (PI), and the Pars Distalis (PD).

Front 52

Identify the organ and indicated regions.

Back 52

Pituitary
The lower (darker) portion is the anterior pituitary which is divided into the Pars Tuberalis (PT), Pars Intermedia (PI), and the Pars Distalis (PD).

Front 53

Identify the organ and the indicated structures, cells, or layers.

Back 53

Anterior Pituitary
C - Chromaphobes
B - Basophils
A - Acidophils (Somatotrophs & Mammotrophs)
PD - Pars Distalis

Front 54

Identify the organ and the indicated structures, cells, or layers.

Back 54

Anterior Pituitary
C - Colloids
PI - Pars Intermedia

Front 55

Identify the organ and the indicated structures, layers, or cells.

Back 55

Posterior Pituitary
PN - Pars Nervoa
P - Pituicytes

Front 56

Identify the organ and the indicated structures, layers, or cells.

Back 56

Anterior/Posterior Pituitary
I - Infundibulum
PT - Pars Tuberalis
Yellow Arrows - Venous channels

Front 57

Name the major cell types of the anterior pituitary and their respective functions.

Back 57

Basophils
1. Gonadotrops - Produce LH and FSH
2. Thyrotrops - Produce TSH
3. Corticotrops - Produce ACTH
Acidophils
1. Somatotrophs - Produce HGH
2. Mammotrophs - Produce PRL

Front 58

Name the major cell types of the posterior pituitary and their respective functions.

Back 58

Pituicytes - The glial cells of pars nervoa

Front 59

What are herring bodies?

Back 59

These are the posterior pituitary's stores of ADH and Oxytocin produced in the hypothalamus.

Front 60

Name the major cell types of the anterior pituitary and their respective functions.

Back 60

Basophils
1. Gonadotrops - Produce LH and FSH
2. Thyrotrops - Produce TSH
3. Corticotrops - Produce ACTH
Acidophils
1. Somatotrophs - Produce HGH
2. Mammotrophs - Produce PRL

Front 61

Name the major cell types of the posterior pituitary and their respective functions.

Back 61

Pituicytes - The glial cells of pars nervoa

Front 62

What are herring bodies?

Back 62

These are the posterior pituitary's stores of ADH and Oxytocin produced in the hypothalamus.

Front 63

Identify the organ and the indicated cells. What do these cells produce?

Back 63

Parathyroid
C - Chief cells produce PTH
O - Oxyphils have no known function

Front 64

What is the major function of parathyroid hormone?

Back 64

It increases calcium levels in the blood by reducing renal calcium excretion and increasing calcium absorption from bones.

Front 65

Identify the organs shown.

Back 65

The thyroid and parathyroid.

Front 66

Identify the organ and the indicated structures/cells/layers.

Back 66

Thyroid
C - Colloid
Green Line - Simple cuboidal epithelium
Yellow Arrows - Follicular cells

Front 67

Identify the organ and the indicated cells.

Back 67

Thyroid
Parafollicular cells

Front 68

Identify the organ and the indicated layers. What cells are found in each layer and what are their functions?

Back 68

Organ: Adrenal Gland
C - Cortex
M - Medulla
Chromaffin cells here produce epinephrine and noepinephrine (catecholamines).
G - Zona Glomerulosa
The cells here produce the mineralocorticoid aldosterone.
F - Zona Fasiculata
Produce the glucocorticoid cortisol and some androgens
R - Zona Reticularis
Cells produce androgens.

Front 69

Where are chromaffin cells found, what is their function, and where are they derived from?

Back 69

They are found in the Adrenal Medulla and derive from Neural crest cells. They produce catecholamines such as epinephrine and norepinepherine.

Front 70

Identify the organ and the indicated structures/layers/cells.

Back 70

Pineal Gland
Blue Arrows - Pinealocyte (Produce maltonin)

Front 71

Where are medullary rays found and what structures constitute them?

Back 71

They are found in the center of a lobule in the Medulla of the kindey and extend into the cortex. They are made up of the straight portions of the proximal tubule (thick descending), distal tubule (thick ascending), and the collecting duct.

Front 72

Where are vasa recta found and what are they associated with?

Back 72

These are blood vesseles found in the medulla of the kidneys associated with Juxtamedullary nephrons.

Front 73

What's special about the glomerular capillaries?

Back 73

They are fenestrated and without a diaphram.

Front 74

What type of collagen is found in the glomerular basement membrane?

Back 74

Collagen Type IV

Front 75

What is the role of heparin sulfate in the glomerular basement membrane?

Back 75

It makes the BM of the glomerulus act as a charge barrier.

Front 76

What are podocytes and where are they found?

Back 76

They are epitherlial cells that are found at the periphery of the glomerulus.

Front 77

What are mesangial cells and where are they found?

Back 77

Mesangial cells are found in the kidney. They are the phagocytic cells of the glomerular BM and respond to angiotensin II.

Front 78

Identify the organ and the indicated structures, cells, or layers.

Front 79

Identify the organ and the indicated structures, cells, or layers.

Back 79

Front 80

Identify the organ and the indicated structures.
What makes up the structure that the green lines demarcate?

Back 80

Kidney
White Circle - Cortex
Black Circle - Medulla
Green Lines - Medullary rays made up of proximal + distal tubules and collecting ducts
Yellow Circle - Arctuate artery

Front 81

What is the function of the proximal convoluted tubule?

Back 81

It resorbs glucose, amino acids, and small proteins. It's junctional complexes are leaky and it contains many mitochondria for active transport across the epithelium.

Front 82

What is the function of the distal convoluted tubule?

Back 82

Responds to Aldosterone by resorbing Na+ and secreting K+. This increases blood pressure and volume. It also maintains the acid-base balance in blood by secreting hydrogen and ammonium ions into the urine.

Front 83

What is the function of ADH in the kidneys?

Back 83

ADH permeabilizes the tight epithelium of the collecting ducts allowing water to leak out. This produce hypertonic urine (useful when fluid intake is low).

Front 84

What are the three cellular components of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Back 84

The three cellular components of the apparatus are the macula densa, extraglomerular mesangial cells, and juxtaglomerular cells.

Front 85

What is the function of juxtaglomerular cells?

Back 85

They produce renin in response to:
- Beta1 adrenergic stimulation
- Decrease in renal perfusion pressure (detected directly by the granular cells)
- Decrease in NaCl absorption in the Macula Densa (often due to a decrease in glomerular filtration rate, or GFR).

Front 86

What is the function of macula densa cells and where are they found?

Back 86

The macula densa senses NaCl concentration in the distal tubule of the kidney and secretes a vasopressor which acts on the adjacent afferent arteriole to decrease glomerular filtration rate (GFR), as part of the tubuloglomerular feedback loop

Front 87

What is the function of extramesangial cells and where are they found?

Back 87

They are associated with secretion of erythropoietin and are found near the JGA of the kidney nephron.

Front 88

Where is transition epithelium found in the body?

Back 88

Bladder, ureters, superior urethra and gland ducts of the prostate.

Front 89

What are the two distinguishing histological characteristics of the ureter vs the fallopian tubes and the vas deferens?

Back 89

Transitional epithelium and two muscle layer

Front 90

Identify the organ.

Back 90

Ureter

Front 91

Identify this organ.

Back 91

Urinary Bladder