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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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2 hormones produced by kidney and their function
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Secretion of rennin (involved regulation of blood pressure)
Production of Hemopoietin aka Erythropoietin or EPO (reg. production of RBCs) |
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How do the kidneys regulate the body fluid?
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Filtration of blood
Removal of metabolic waste Reabsorption of useful metabolites |
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What are the two sections of the kidney parenchyma?
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Outer cortex (dark red)
Inner medulla (light-colored) |
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Which animals have multilobar or multi-pyramidal kidneys?
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bovine and pig
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Which animals have unilobar or unipyramidal kidneys?
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Cats
Dogs Horses Sheep Goat |
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What are the components of a nephron?
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Glomerulus and glomerular (Bowman's) capsule
Proximal convoluted tubule Proximal straight tubule Thin tubule Distal straight tubules Distal convoluted tubules |
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What makes up a renal tubule (uriniferous tubule)?
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Nephron + collecting duct system
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What are the straight collecting tubules of the collecting duct system?
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Cortical collecting duct
Medullary collecting duct Papillary duct |
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What are the connecting tubules in the collecting duct system?
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Arched collecting duct
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Where do the afferent and efferent arterioles enter/leave the renal corpuscles?
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Vascular pole
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Where does the proximal convoluted tubule begin in the renal corpuscles?
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Urinary pole
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What lines the capillaries in the glomerulus?
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Porous endothelial cells
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Which cells are next to the capillaries in the glomerulus and are similar to pericytes?
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Mesengial or intercapillary cells
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What is the space called between the parietal and visceral layer of the glomerular capsule?
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Urinary space
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What type of cells make up the parietal (capsular) layer of the glomerular capsule?
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Simple squamous epithelium
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What type of cells make up the visceral (glomerular) layer of the glomerular capsule?
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Podocytes, octopus-like
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What are the secondary processes of podocytes called?
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Pedicles
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What are the narrow spaces between pedicles called?
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Filtration slits
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What is the thin electron-dense layer that bridges across the filtration slits?
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Slit diaphragm
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What is the filtration barrier in the nephrons?
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1. Glomerular ENDOTHELIUM
2. Glomerular basement membrane 3. Glomerular epithelium (visceral layer of podocyte cells) |
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What type of cells line the proximal convoluted and straight tubules? Type of cytoplasm?
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Simple cuboidal or columnar epithelium, acidophilic cytoplasm
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Do the cells of the proximal convoluted and straight tubules have a brush border?
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Yes, but less distinct in straight tubules
(Microvilli greatly increase luminal surface area, presumably facilitating resorptive function & putative flow sensing within lumen) |
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What type of cells line the thin tubules (Loop of Henle)?
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Simple squamous epithelium
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Is the DCT shorter or longer than the PCT?
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Shorter
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Is the lumen of the DCT smaller or larger than PCT?
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Larger
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What does the juxtaglomerular apparatus consists of?
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Macula densa
Juxtaglomerular cells Extraglomerular mesangial cells |
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What can the macula densa do because it is sensitive to chloride ions?
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Regulate rate of glomerular filtration
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What cells line the macula densa?
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Columnar cells
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What are modified smooth muscle cells of tunica media (of afferent arteriole) adjacent to macula densa called?
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Juxtaglomerular cells
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What cells produce renin?
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JG cells
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What does rennin ultimately become, that causes vasoconstriction of the arterioles to raise blood pressure?
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Angiotensin II
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What cells line larger collecting ducts?
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Simple columnar epithelium
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Is the epithelium of papillary ducts transitional?
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Yes
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What does the interstitium or stroma of the kidney contain?
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collagen fibrils and some fibroblasts
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What type of epithelium lines the calyces and renal pelvis?
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transitional epithelium
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Which animal has mucous glands present under the epithelium of the calyces and renal pelvis?
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Horse
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What type of epithelium does the ureter and urinary bladder have?
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Transitional epithelium
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What layers of ureter (in addition to one below)?
What are the three layers of the tunica muscularis of the ureter? |
1. Mucosa (transitional epithelium)
2. Propria Submucosa 3. Tunica Muscularis note: these layers are NOT well defined - Inner longitudinal - Outer longitudinal - Middle circular 3. Tunica Adventitia (Loose CT) |
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What animal lacks a lamina muscularis in its urinary bladder?
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Cat
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What are the smooth muscles of the tunica muscularis of the urinary bladder called?
Describe their composition |
DETRUSOR muscles
Irregularly shaped, interwoven bundles (layers not distinguishable) |
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How is the bird kidney divided?
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Cranial, middle, and caudal
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What are the two types of nephrons in the bird kidney?
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Cortical nephron
Medullary nephron |
