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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Glia functions
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-Physical support
-Metabolic support -Electric insulation |
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By shape neurons are divided into
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-Unipolar (pseudounipolar) - one process - axon
-Bipolar - one axon, one dendrite -Multipolar - one axon, many dendrites |
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You characterize cell by 5 things. What are they
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-Shape of cell
-Shape of nucleus -Staining of nucleus -Position of nucleus -Staining of cytoplasm |
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Describe nucleus
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Centered, lightly stained - euchromatic with prominent nucleolus
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Motor neurons are _ by shape
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Multipolar
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Sensory neurons are _ by shape
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Unipolar
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True bipolar neurons are limited to _
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Retina of eye and ganglia of vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
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What serves as landmark to distinguish between axon and dendrite and why
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Axon hillock - free of organelles
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Nissl bodies stain with _
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Hematoxylin (basic dyes), high metabolism
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Describe dendrites
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Receptor processes that receive information and transfer it to cell body, so located near cell body. Unmyelinated, form dendritic trees.
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Dendrites have all organelles except
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Golgi apparatus
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Axons have organelles except
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rER + GOlgi
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AP rises from
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Initial segment - between axon hillock and beginning of myelin sheath
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Two types of axons - name them
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Golgi type I - long axons, motor neurons
Golgi type II - short axons, interneurons |
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Axonal transport brings proteins from _ to _
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Cell body
Dendrites and axons |
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Types of synapses
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Axosomatic
Axodendritic Axoaxonic Dendrodendritic |
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Functional types of synapses
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Electrical - snails
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Presynaptic knob contains ATP binding protein called _ which is used for _
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NSF
targeting and fusion with presynaptic membrane |
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Postsynaptic membrane contains _
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Receptors for NT + postsynaptic density
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Mammalian equivalent of electrical synapse in invertebrates is _
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Gap junctions
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Anterograde transport occurs from _ to _
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soma, periphery
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Anterograde transport is mediated by protein called _
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Kinesin
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Retrograde transport mediated by protein called _
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Dynein
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Retrograde transport occurs from _ to _
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Axon terminal and dendrites, soma
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Anterograde transport occurs at two speeds : _ and _, while retrograde only at one - _
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Slow and Fast
Fast only |
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Slow anterograde transport carries _
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Structural protein
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Fast anterograde transport carries _
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NT's, mitochondria, sugars, amino acids, nucleotides, Ca
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Fast retrograde transport carries _
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Reglatory proteins
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Fast transport in both directions requires _
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ATP
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Glia in PNS are _
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Schwann cells and Satellite cells
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Glia in CNS are
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Oligodendroglia
Astrocytes Microglia Ependyma |
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Schwann cells make _
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Myelin
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What happens to cytoplasm during myelination
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It is squeezed out and membranes fuse, cytoplasm remains in inner and outer lamellae and small islands of membrane
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Describe layers of myelination
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Myelin - neurilemma (Schwann sheath) - external basal lamina
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Myelin between two nodes of Ranvier is called
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Internodal segment
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Schmidt - Lanterman cleft contains _
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Cytoplasm
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Cell bodies of ganglion cells are surrounded by layer of _
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Satellite cells - electrical and metabolic insulation
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Largest neuroglial cells in CNS
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Astrocytes
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Two types of astrocytes
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Protoplasmic - gray matter - many short branching processes
Fibrous astrocyte - white matter, not as many processes, straight processes |
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Protein contained in astrocytes (mostly fibrous)
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GFAP - glial fibrillary acidic protein
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End of processes of astrocytes form _ that cover _
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end feet
vessels (blood- brain barrier), myelin sheath, inner surface of pia mater (glia limitans) |
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Function of microglial cells
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Debris removal - phagocytotic cells, migrate to sites of injury
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Ependymal cells form _
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epithelial lining of cavities filled with CNS
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Ependymal cells have two surfaces - name them
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Apical - cilia + microvili
Basal - interdigitation with astrocytes Cover choroid plexi - CSF |
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Oligodendrocytes differ from Schwann cells in that they
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dont have external lamina and fewer Schmidt Lanterman cells, also larger nodes of Ranvier
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Unmyelinated axons in PNS vs CNS
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PNS - embedded in cytoplasm
CNS - absolutely bare |
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Envelopes of peripheral nerve
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Endoneurium - surrounds each nerve fiber (myelin sheath)
Perineurium - around nerve bundles, gap jumctions form BBB Epineurium - dense irregular CT, surrounds fascicles - contains blood vessels |
