Histology- Gi Tract

Front 1

What are APUD's?

Back 1

Amine Precursor Uptake and Decarboxylation cells.

"Enteroendocrine" cells: produce and secrete hormones

Front 2

Where can you find taste buds?

Back 2

1) Fungiform, Circumvallate papillae
2) Palate
3) Palatoglossal Arch
4) Palatopharyngeal Arch
5) Pharynx and Larynx

Front 3

What is a lacteal?

Back 3

It is a blind ended lymphatic within the villi of the small intestine.

Front 4

What are the von Ebner glands?

Back 4

These are serous glands that open into the trenches around the cicumvallate papillae.

Front 5

What types of hormones do APUD's secrete?

Back 5

1) Gastrin
2) Secretin
3) Cholecystokinin
4) Somatostatin

Front 6

Why are filiform papillae different?

Back 6

1) Smallest and most numerous
2) Provide tongue with rough surface for food manipulation
3) Cone like

Front 7

Describe the intestinal glands of the small intestine:

Back 7

1) Simple
2) Straight
3) Tubular
4) Penetrate to the level of the Muscularis mucosa

Front 8

What are the fungiform papillae?

Back 8

1) Occur in anterior 2/3
2) Loners and evenly spaced between filiform papillae
3) CT core is highly vascularized
4) Epithelium slightly thinner than the rest of tongue

Front 9

How can you tell the pyloric region of the stomach?

Back 9

Villi: NO
Glands: Short Coiled
Parietal and chief cells: NO
Pits: Long

Front 10

What types of muscles are in the tongue?

Back 10

Skeletal musc. arranged more or less perpendicular to each other.

Front 11

How is the Small intestine divided?

Back 11

1) Duodenum (Brunner's glands)
2) Jejunum
3) Ileum

Front 12

In general, what are the ingredients of the lingual papillae?

Back 12

1) connective tissue core
2) Stratified squamous epithelium

Front 13

What are Chief Cells?

Back 13

1) Lower half of gastric gland
2) Pepsinogen (becomes active as pH goes down)

Front 14

How is the dorsal surface of the tongue is divided?

Back 14

It is divided by the sulcus terminalis

1) anterior 2/3 (Oral part)
2) posterior 1/3 (Pharyngeal part)

Front 15

Describe the changes in villi through the course of the small intestine:

Back 15

1) Duodenum: Short, leaf shaped plates
2) Jejunum: Club shaped
3) Ileum: Finger shaped and tall

They all contain rich supply of vessels, lacteals, and SM

Front 16

Describe the epithelium of the DORSAL side of the tongue

Back 16

Epithelium: stratified squamous
CT: Very dense and connects the epithelium to the underlying muscle

Front 17

What are the cells that you will find in the gastric pits of the Body and Fundus?

Back 17

1) Parietal
2) Chief
3) Mucous neck cells
4) Enterochrimaffin cells
5) APUD's

Front 18

What can you find on the oral part of the tongue?

Back 18

Large number of papillae
1) Filiform
2) Fungiform
3) Circumvilate
4) Foliate

Front 19

What do you find in the Lamina propria of the intestine?

Back 19

1) CT
2) Vascular elements
3) diffuse and nodular LYMPHOID TISSUE
4) Muscularis mucosa (inner: circ :: outer: long)

Front 20

Where to the circumvallate pap. appear?

Back 20

1) In depressions of the surface of the tongue
2) Surrounded by trench formed by in folded epi

Front 21

How many layers does the muscularic mucosa have in the stomach?

Back 21

2 to 3 layers of smooth muscle that creeps up between glands

Front 22

What are the circumvallate papillae?

Back 22

1) Largest least numerous
2) 8-12 of them
3) Taste buds line the walls
4) Glands of Von Ebner open into trenches

Front 23

What types of cells do you find in the mucosa of the small intestine?

Back 23

1) Simple Columnar
2) Goblet Cells-> Mucous
3) Paneth Cells-> bottom of crypts
4) Argentaffin and APUD cells (basal section of glands)
5) Lamina Propria

Front 24

What are Argentaffin Cells?

Back 24

1) Enterochromaffin cells
2) Derived from neural crest cells
3) Basal portions of the glands

Front 25

How does the small intestine increase its surface area? (6)

Back 25

1) Villi
2) Extreme length
3) Plicae Circulares
4) Intestinal Glands
5) Microvilli on apical surface of absorptive cells
6) Glycocalyx

Front 26

How can you determine the Body and Fundus?

Back 26

Villi: NO
Glands: Coiled
Parietal and Chief cells: YES

Front 27

What are brunner's glands?

Back 27

Submucosal duodenal glands that produce an ALKALINE secretion to protect wall from low pH.

Sets optimal pH for pancreatic enzymes

Front 28

What are some of the gross anatomical features of the stomach?

Back 28

1) Rugae (longitudinal folds that change in distention)
2) Cardiac Region
3) Fundic/Body region
4) Pyloric region

Front 29

What makes the duodenum different?

Back 29

Villi: YES
Submusocal glands: YES (brunner's)

Front 30

Esophagus: Muscle Layer

Back 30

1) Two layers of Muscle
2) Top 1/3 is wrapped in skeletal muscle
3) Middle is combination
4) Bottom 1/3 is all smooth muscle

Front 31

What does the inner layer of the Muscularis mucosa of the small intestine do?

Back 31

Sends fibers into the villi that contract every 10 seconds

Front 32

How can you tell the cardiac region?

Back 32

Villi: NO
Glands: Coiled and long
Parietal and Chief cells: NO
Pits: Short

Front 33

How can you identify the Ileum?

Back 33

Villi: YES (Farther apart)
Submucosal Glands: NO
Plicae Circulares: YES (but less)
Peyers Patches: YES
Goblet cells: Increase

Front 34

What are parietal cells?

Back 34

1) HCL
2) Vit B12 intrinsic factor
3) Middle portion of gastric glands with mucous neck cells
4) Have Mitochondria for ATP pumps
5) Triangular in Shape

Front 35

How can you tell the Large Intestine?

Back 35

Villi: NO
Goblet cells: YES!!! (Lots)
Mucosal glands: Tubular
Lymphoid Tissue: Nodules
Outer layer: Tenia Coli

Front 36

What types of cells do you find in Gastric Pits?

Back 36

1) Stem Cells
2) Mucous Neck Cells
3) Parietal cells
4) Chief cells
5) Enteroendocrine cells

Front 37

How can you identify the Jejunum?

Back 37

Villi: YES
Submucosal Glands: NO
Plicae Circulares: YES
Peyers Patches: NO
Goblet cells: Some

Front 38

Esophagus: Outer Layer

Back 38

1) Thoracic portion is covered in adventitia (CT)
2) Sub-diaphragm is wrapped in serosa

Front 39

What is the muscularis mucosa like in the esophagus?

Back 39

VERY THICK (Generally m.m. is thin)

Front 40

Describe the mucosa of the esophagus

Back 40

1) Lined with stratified squamous epithelium
2) Lamina propria
3) relatively thick muscularis mucosa
4) Cardiac glands that secrete mucous near the stomach

Front 41

What do you find in the Submucosa?

Back 41

1) Layer of CT with blood and lymph vessels
2) Meissner's plexus for contraction
3) Submucosal Glands (Esophagus and duodenum)

Front 42

Esophagus : Submucosal layer

Back 42

1) "Esophageal" glands
2) Relatively thick fibroelastic layer that stretches as you swallow

Front 43

What is in the Lamina Propria?

Back 43

1) Areolar CT
2) Blood vessels
3) Nerves
4) Smooth muscle
5) Glands

Front 44

What are mucous neck cells?

Back 44

1) Mucous
2) Occur singly or in clusters between parietal cells
3) Upper half of Gastric glands

Front 45

How does a taste bud work?

Back 45

1) Pieces of food are sampled in the trenches
2) Sensory cells extend microvilli into taste pore.
3) There are receptors on the microvilli with different taste modalities

Front 46

Describe the Muscle layer of the general GI.

Back 46

1) relatively thick
2) Composed of SM into 2 layers (inner: circular :: outer: Longitudinal)
3) Auerbach's plexus between the layers of muscle

Front 47

Describe the mucosa of the gut

Back 47

1) Faces the lumen
2) Epithelial lining
3) Lamina Propria
4) Muscularis mucosa

Front 48

Segmentalize the esophagus:

Back 48

1) First third contains Skeletal muscle
2) Mixture
3) Smooth muscle

Front 49

What is a serosa?

Back 49

The combination of adventitia (CT) and mesothelium (s.s. epi)

Contains: blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves, and adipose tissue

Front 50

Where do you find a serosa?

Back 50

The outer most layer of the gut. All over the gut, except in the eophagus

Front 51

What is the general plan of the Digestive tract?

Back 51

1) Mucosa
2) Submucosa
3) Muscle Layer
4) Serosa or adventitia