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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Does gas exchange occur in the conduction system?
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No
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What is the conditioning of air?
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air is moistened, warmed, and cleared of particulates
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Where is conditioning taken place?
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In conduction system
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What is the conduction system composed of?
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- nasal cavity
- pharynx - larynx - trachea - bronchi - bronchioles - terminal bronchioles |
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What is the respiratory system composed of?
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- respiratory bronchioles
- alveolar ducts - alveolar sacs - alveoli |
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What are the functions of the nasal mucosa?
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- air hydration, filtration, temperature regulation
- clean the air |
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The conducting system is lined with a mucosa consisting of ______
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Lamina propria
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The nasal cavity is lined with _____ epithelium
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stratified squamous
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What is the purpose of the nasal conchae?
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- ↑ surface area
- create turbulent airflow to facilitate conditioning & filtration |
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Olfactory epithelium is _____ epithelium
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stratified squamous
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Are lymphatic found in both the conduction system & respiratory system?
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No
(only in conducting system) |
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Describe the lamina propria
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- loose connective tissue
- mucous & seromucous glands - lymphoid elements |
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What are the functions of the cartilage of the larynx?
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- keep airway open
- direct air into trachea - close trachea during swallowing |
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The thyroid & cricoid cartilages of the larynx are made of ____ cartilage
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hyaline
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Surfaces of the larynx subjected to wear & tear are covered in _____ epithelium
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stratified squamous
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Surfaces of the larynx blow the vocal folds are covered in _____ epithelium
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pseudo-stratified columnar
(also contain goblet cells & cilia) |
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The lingual surface of the epiglottis has _____ epithelium
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non-keratinized stratified squamous
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The laryngeal surface of the epiglottis has _____ epithelium
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pseudo-stratified columnar
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What is the trachealis muscle
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the smooth muscle that connects the open ends of the cartilage in the trachea
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The trachea has _____ epithelium
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ciliated pseudo-stratified columnar
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The trachea has _____ connective tissue
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dense fibrous elastic
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What is the hilum?
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point where the 1º bronchi enter the lung
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How many 2º bronchi are in each side of the lungs?
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Right = 3
Left = 2 |
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The bronchi have _____ epithelium
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ciliated pseudo-stratified columnar
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Bronchi can be identified by their _____ and their circular layer of _____
A) cartilage rings, skeletal muscle B) cartilage rings, smooth muscle C) cartilage plates, smooth muscle D) cartilage plates, skeletal muscle |
C) cartilage plates, smooth muscle
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What are the distinguishing features of bronchioles?
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- no cartilage
- no glands (do have goblet cells) |
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The bronchioles contain _____ epithelium
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ciliated pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium
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Terminal bronchioles contain _____ epithelium
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simple ciliated columnar
or simple ciliated cuboidal |
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Where are Clara cells found?
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terminal bronchioles
Are they ciliated? |
No
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The respiratory bronchioles contain _____ epithelium
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simple cuboidal
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What is the characteristic feature of bronchioles?
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Thick layer of smooth muscle in walls
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The alveolar ducts contain _____ epithelium
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simple squamous
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Clusters of alveoli are known as _____
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alveolar sacs
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____ are the sites of gas exchange
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Alveoli
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True or false: there is no connective tissue between alveoli
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True
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What are alveolar pores?
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Connect neighboring alveoli to equalize air pressure in the alveoli
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What are the interalveolar septum?
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Region between 2 alveoli
What is the function? |
site of gas exchange
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What are Type I cells of the alveoli?
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- thin squamous cells
- gas exchange - 95% of alveolar surface |
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What are Type II cells of the alveoli?
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- contain membrane-bound lamellar bodies
- secrete surfactant |
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What happens if there is a ↓ surfactant production?
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- ↑ surface tension
- harder to inspire - alveolar collapse |
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True or false: alveolar ducts & alveolar sacs have cilia
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False
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Where are the macrophages of the respiratory system found?
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alveoli
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Alveolar macrophages are derived from _____
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blood monocytes
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What are the 3 components of the air-blood barrier?
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- Type I epithelial cell
- fused basal lamina - capillary endothelial cell |
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What is the blood supply to the lungs?
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Bronchial arteries
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True or false: the pulmonary circulation supplies the lungs with oxygen-rich blood?
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False
(bronchial arteries do) |
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