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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is the function of LH in males?
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stimulates synthesis of androgen
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What is the function of FSH in males?
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stimulates synthesis of ABP
(Androgen Binding Protein) |
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Where in the testes are sperm produced?
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seminiferous tubules
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Where do sperm mature?
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epididymus
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Where are sperm stored?
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vas deferens
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True or false: sperm that are not released are reabsorbed
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True
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What is the tunica albuginea (testes)
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outer capsule
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What is the mediastinum testis?
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- Where the tunica albuginea is thickened
- where septa radiate, subdividing testis into lobuli testis |
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What do the lobuli testes contain?
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1-4 seminiferous tubules
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Where are Sertoli cells found?
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seminiferous tubules
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What are the "nurse" cells of the testes, which provide nourishment for the sperm?
A) Gametes B) Leydig cells C) Sertoli cells |
C) Sertoli cells
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What are the cells of the testes that secrete testosterone?
A) Gametes B) Leydig cells C) Sertoli cells |
B) Leydig cells
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What are the 3 phases of spermatogenesis?
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1) spermatogonial (mitosis)
2) spermatocyte (meiosis x2) 3) spermatid→spermatazoa |
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What are the 4 stages of spermatids?
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1) Golgi phase
2) Cap phase 3) Acrosome phase 4) Maturation phase |
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During spermatogenesis, when are residual bodies formed?
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Acrosome phase of spermatid
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What is the fate of the residual body (from spermatid)?
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- taken up by sertoli cells
- digested & recycled |
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Where are the mitochondria in a sperm cell?
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Middle piece
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Where is the nucleus in a sperm cell?
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head
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List the pathway sperm travel to be expelled out
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- seminiferous tubules
- rete testes - efferent ducts - epididymis - vas deferens - urethra |
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List the intratesticular ducts
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- seminiferous tubules
- rete testes - efferent ducts |
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List the excretory ducts
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- epididymis
- vas deferens - urethra |
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What type of epithelium does the epididymis have?
A) simple squamous B) stratified squamous C) simple columnar D) pseudo-stratified columnar E) cuboidal |
D) pseudo-stratified columnar
& E) cuboidal (basal layer) |
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What type of epithelium does the vas deferens have?
A) simple squamous B) stratified squamous C) simple columnar D) pseudo-stratified columnar E) cuboidal |
D) pseudo-stratified columnar
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The outer wall of the vas deferens is formed by _____ & _____
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- smooth muscle
- collagen |
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Sertoli cells are held together by_____ to form a blood-testes barrier:
A) gap junction B) desmosomes C) tight junctions |
C) tight junctions
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What is the function of the bood-testes barrier?
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prevent an auto-immune reaction
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Name the 3 accessory genital glands (male)
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- seminal vessicles (2)
- prostate - bulbourethral (Cowper's) glands (2) |
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What is the function of the accessory genital glands (male)?
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secrete fluid to form semen
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What type of epithelium do the seminal vesicles have?
A) simple squamous B) stratified squamous C) simple columnar D) pseudo-stratified columnar E) cuboidal |
D) pseudo-stratified columnar
& E) cuboidal (basal layer) |
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What is the main function of the prostate gland?
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store & secrete alkaline fluid
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The ducts of the prostate are lined with _____ epithelium
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transitional
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Which zone of the prostate is the most common site for cancer?
A) peripheral B) transitional C) central |
A) peripheral
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Which zone of the prostate is the most common site for benign tumors?
A) peripheral B) transitional C) central |
B) transitional
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What type of epithelium does the prostate gland have?
A) simple squamous B) stratified squamous C) simple columnar D) pseudo-stratified columnar E) cuboidal |
D) pseudo-stratified columnar
& E) cuboidal |
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What is the corpora amylacea?
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- small hyaline masses or calcified glycoproteins in the prostate
- look like onions |
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What type of epithelium does the urethra have?
A) simple squamous B) stratified squamous C) simple columnar D) pseudo-stratified columnar E) cuboidal |
D) pseudo-stratified columnar
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What type of epithelium does the penis have?
A) simple squamous B) stratified squamous C) simple columnar D) pseudo-stratified columnar E) cuboidal |
B) stratified squamous
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What are the 3 erectile tissues called?
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- corpora cavernosa (x2)
- corpus spongiosum |
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True or false: both ovaries release eggs at the same time each month
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False
(take turns each month) |
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What are the 4 main components of the ovary?
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- Germinal epithelium
- Tunica albuginea - Cortex - Medulla |
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What type of epithelium is the germinal epithelium (ovary)?
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cuboidal (1 layer)
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What is the tunica albuginea of the ovary?
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thin capsule of fibrous CT
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What is the cortex of the ovary?
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CT stroma housing ovarian follicles in various stages of development
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What is the medulla of the ovary?
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loose CT containing blood vessels & nerves
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List the different stages of ovarian follicles
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1) primordial
2) primary (unilaminar→multilaminar) 3) secondary (theca interna/externa) 4) Mature (Graafian) |
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Which follicle is described as "flat follicular cells"?
A) primordial B) unilaminar primary C) multilaminar primary D) secondary E) mature |
A) primordial
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Which follicle is described as "one layer of cuboidal granulosa cells"?
A) primordial B) unilaminar primary C) multilaminar primary D) secondary E) mature |
B) unilaminar primary
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Which follicle is described as "several layers of granulosa cells & zona pellucida"?
A) primordial B) unilaminar primary C) multilaminar primary D) secondary E) mature |
C) multilaminar primary
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Describe the Mature follicle
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- oocyte surrounded by granulosa cells of corona radiata
- these granulosa cells accompany oocyte when ovulated - cumulus oophorus supports these granulosa cells - remaining granulosa cells (from wall of the follicle) surround the large antrum - theca surrounds the entire mature follicle |
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What is atresia?
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Hormonally controlled apoptosis of follicles
How much of the follicles undergo atresia? |
99%
(1% proceed into ovulation) |
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What 3 events occur during atresia?
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1) granulosa cells die
2) corona radiata cells are lost 3) free-floating oocyte within the antrum |
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What do the follicles turn into after ovulation?
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corpus luteum
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What does the corpus luteum produce?
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progestogen
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Granulosa luten cells constitute the majority of the cells of the ______
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corpus luteum
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What replaces the corpus luteum after it involutes?
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corpus albicans
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What does FSH do in females?
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- stimulates growth of follicles
- stimulates synthesis of estrogen |
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What does LH do in females?
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- induces ovulation
- transforms the granulosa layer & theca interna into corpus luteum |
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Estrogen & progesterone act on the _____, regulating the release of ____
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- hypothalamus
- GnRH |
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True or false: the fallopian tubes are open into the peritoneal cavity
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True
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What are the 2 types of cells of the fallopian tube?
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1) ciliated
2) secretory (look like pegs) |
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Which layer of the uterus "grows & sheds"?
A) myometrium B) functional endometrium C) basal endometrium D) perimetrium/adventitia |
B) functional endometrium
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Which layer of the uterus is "stable"?
A) myometrium B) functional endometrium C) basal endometrium D) perimetrium/adventitia |
C) basal endometrium
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Which layer of the uterus is composed of smooth muscle?
A) myometrium B) functional endometrium C) basal endometrium D) perimetrium/adventitia |
A) myometrium
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Which of the following is the loose surrounding tissue of the uterus?
A) myometrium B) functional endometrium C) basal endometrium D) perimetrium/adventitia |
D) perimetrium/adventitia
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On what day does ovulation begin?
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day 14
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What days is the menstrual phase?
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1-6
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What days is the proliferative phase?
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6-14
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What days is the secretory phase?
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14-28
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The uterine glands of the PROLIFERATIVE stage can be described as:
A) simple circles B) curvy |
A) simple circles
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The uterine glands of the SECRETORY stage can be described as:
A) simple circles B) curvy |
B) curvy
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The ____ it the maternal part of the placenta
A) chorion B) decidual basalis |
B) decidual basalis
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The ____ it the fetal part of the placenta
A) chorion B) decidual basalis |
A) chorion
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During pregnancy, the endometrium turn into the ____
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decidua
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What are the 3 regions of mucosa in the decidua?
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- decidua basalis
- decidua capsularis - decidua parietalis |
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Vaginal muscularis is made up of ____ muscle
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smooth
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The vagina is made up of _____ epithelium
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non-keratinized stratified squamous
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Why is the vaginal cytoplasm clear?
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due to storage of glycogen
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True or false: the submucosa of the vagina has glands and muscluarture
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False
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The mammary glands are modified ____ glands
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sweat
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The lactiferous duct of the mammary gland is ____
A) excretory B) absorptive |
A) excretory
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What are the secretory units of the mammary glands?
A) lobes B) branches C) alveoli D) ducts |
C) alveoli
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Mammary gland is inactive & undifferentiated
A) nonpregnant B) during pregnancy C) during lactation |
A) nonpregnant
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Alveoli proliferate at ends of the ducts
A) nonpregnant B) during pregnancy C) during lactation |
B) during pregnancy
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Alveoli are fully differentiated
A) nonpregnant B) during pregnancy C) during lactation |
C) during lactation
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In active mammary glands, what type of epithelium are the expanded alveoli?
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simple cuboidal
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what type of epithelium does the lactiferous duct consist of?
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- cuboidal (basal)
- columnar (surface) |
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What are the myoepithelial cells of the mammary gland?
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muscle-like cell which helps squeeze milk out of the gland
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