Histology - Female Reproductive

Front 1

Name the organ that produces:

- Ova
- Estradiol
- Estrogen
- Progesterone
- Low levels of testosterone

Back 1

Ovaries

Front 2

The _____ cortex of the ovary containis follicles and corpora lutea

Back 2

outer cortex

Front 3

The ______ medulla contains blood, lymphatics and nerves

Back 3

inner medulla

Front 4

Name that follicle count:

400,000

Back 4

At birth

Front 5

Name that follicle count:

40,000

Back 5

At puberty

Front 6

Name that follicle count:

3-400

Back 6

menopausal women

Front 7

____'s are formed in the embryo.

Arrested in prophase of first meiotic division

Back 7

Oocytes

Front 8

Follicular cells/granulosa cells surround oocytes.

What are the follicular cells derived from?

Back 8

Ovarian surface epithelial cells (OSE)

Front 9

The theca interna and theca externa layers of the follicle are derived from which cells?

Back 9

Ovarian stromal cells

Front 10

The last 14 days of follicle dvelopment is controlled by which hormones?

Back 10

Lutenizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone.

Corpus luteum is formed.

Front 11

Temporary glandular structure formed from a ruptured Graafian follicle

Back 11

Corpus luteum

Front 12

Organizing blood clot from the ruptured follicle is vascularized.

LH and FSH stimulate luteinization of the ________ and _____ cells

Back 12

granulosa and thecal

They are large eosinophilic cells with large stores of lipids

Front 13

___________ and ________ are the main steroids for the corpus luteum

Back 13

progesterone and estrogens

Front 14

This glycoprotein hormone maintains corpus luteum function for 8 weeks after fertilzilation.

Back 14

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin hormone

Front 15

Formed from degenerating corpora lutea

Dense hyaline connective tissue

Resorbed in young women and replaced by stromal tissue

Back 15

Corpora Albicans

In older perimenopausal and menopausal women, corpora albicans can persist

Front 16

Common complaint:
Abdominal fullness.

Sex cord tumors have good markers (overal freq; 5-10%)

Most common: Surface Epithelial - stromal cell tumors

Back 16

Ovarian tumors.

Most are detected at late stages

Front 17

Name the origin of cancer:

- Serous tumor
- Mucinous tumor
- Endometroioid tumor
- Clear cell tumor
- Brenner tumor
- Cystadenofibroma

Back 17

Surface epithelial-stromal cell origin

Highest proportion of malignant ovarian tumors

20+ years old

Front 18

- Teratoma
- Dysgerminoma
- Endodermal sinus tumor
- Choriocarcinoma

Back 18

Germ cell origin

0-25+ years old

Front 19

- Fibroma
- Granulosa-theca cell tumor
- Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor

Back 19

Sex cord - stroma origin

Variable

Front 20

Metastatic to ovaries

Back 20

No specific origin noted.

Front 21

This is the site of fertilization and movement of ova to the uterus

Back 21

fallopian tube

Front 22

In the fallopian tube:

Simple ________ epithelium of ciliated and peg cells move fluid to the uterus

Back 22

columnar

Front 23

In the fallopian tube:

Ciliated cells dominate in the ________ phase

Back 23

follicular

Front 24

In the fallopian tube:

Peg cells dominate in the _________ phase

Back 24

secretory

Front 25

______ contains blood, nerve and lymph supply to fallopian tubes?

Back 25

serosa

Front 26

This is the site of placental attachment, embryonic and fetal development.

Back 26

Uterus

Front 27

________ of connective tissue covering the uterus

Back 27

Perimetrium

Front 28

_______ is thick smooth muscle with inner and outer longitudinal layers with a middle circular layer

Back 28

Myometrium

Front 29

___________ is glandular lining which develops and is shed in each menstrual cycle

Back 29

Endometrium

Front 30

Cervix lining is not shed in menstration. Why?

Back 30

Its mucosa is mostly connective tissue

Front 31

Radial arteries are compressed by uterine myometrial contraction

Give another example where this occurs

Back 31

After placental detachment, prevents hemorrhage

Front 32

Name the part of menstrual cycle:

Days 1-4

Menstrual bleeding starts on day 1.

Production of estrogen is low, but that of FSH is maximal.

Leads to follicular growth in ovaries

Back 32

Menstrual phase

The start of the menstrual phase coincides with involution of the corpus luteum

Front 33

Name the phase:

Days 4-14

Rapdi regeneration and repair of the endometrium and ovarian follicle maturation.

Induced by LH surge and FSH

Back 33

Follicular/proliferative phase

Estrogen secretion byovarian follicles stimulates growth of the endometrium

Front 34

Ovulation begins at which day

Back 34

14

Front 35

Days 15-27

LH stimulates corpus luteum formation.

Progesterone produced by the corpus luteum also influences development of uterine glands.

Stimulates uterine epithelial cells to accumulate glycogen and spiral arteries to lengthen.

Back 35

Luteal or secretory phase

The marked histologic changes in the endometrium provide an optimal environment for embryo implantation.

Front 36

Day 28 is the day that we all dread.

Back 36

Premenstrual or ischemic phase

Front 37

Benign smooth muscle tumors

Common in 25% of reproductive age women

Dysfunctional bleeding, pain, spontaneous abortion fetal malpresentation

Stimulated by estrogens and regress in the menopausal women/pregnancy

Back 37

Leiomyoma or fibroids

Depo provera, LHRH analogs, myomectomy, hysterectomy, embolization block blood supply

Front 38

Endometrium outside the uterine cavity

Cycles with the uterine lining

May cause adhesions

Pain, especially with menstration, infertility.

Cause: retrograde menstruation, metaplasia, lymphatic seeding

Back 38

Endometriosis

Ovary, uterine ligaments, pelvic peritoneum, rectovaginal septum affected

Treatments:
Birth control pills, selective ablation, hysterectomy

Front 39

Lining is not shed in menstruation

Connective tissue and smooth muscle support cervical mucosa (relaxes but does not contract during labor)

Back 39

Cervix

Front 40

Ectocervix is covered with stratified squamous epithelium that becomes filled with glycogen near ovulation

Back 40

Vaginal mucosa.

When the cells shed, they discharge glycogen into the vaginal lumen.

Front 41

______ growth during puberty moves the junction between the columnar endocervix epithelium and the squamous ectocervix epithelium.

Back 41

Uterus

Front 42

Where is the transformation zone, the site of tumor formation and most cervical carcinomas

Back 42

External os

Epithelium changes from simple columnar to nonkaratinized stratified squamous.

Front 43

Acidic pH in the vagina is a result of Lactobacillus sp bacteria.

Consumes the ________ sloughed from vaginal and cervical epithelial squamous cells

Back 43

glycogen

Front 44

Site of HPV, HSVII and cervical dysplasias

Cervical cancers can result from HPV infection, though most spontaneously resolve

Back 44

Transformational zone

Front 45

Name the test:

Cornified vaginal and cervical epithelial cells contain glycogen which protects against white vinegar burns

Back 45

Vinegar test.

Stains the affected area white if epithelial cells are lacking

Front 46

Reacts with glycogen in normal epithelial cells.

Turns brown with lugols stain

Back 46

Schillers test (lugols iodine)

Front 47

Vaginal epithelium thickens/thins in menopause?

Back 47

thins

Front 48

What hormone increases epithelial thickening?

Back 48

estrogen

Front 49

Bartolins glands open on the _____ surface of the labia minora

Back 49

inner

Front 50

Disk shaped organ consisting of 15-20 lobes/cotyledons

Back 50

Placenta

Front 51

________ placenta is made up of the:

Chorionic villi
Their blood vessels
Supporting tissue

Back 51

Fetal placenta

Front 52

________ placenta is made up of the:

Decidua basalis beneath the chorionic villi

Back 52

maternal portion.

decidua basalis is the part of the uterine endometrium beneath the chorionic villi

Front 53

Intervillous spaces contain (maternal/fetal) blood

Back 53

maternal

Front 54

Breasts derivatives:

Parenchyma
Ducts
Alveoli

Back 54

Skin

Front 55

Breasts derivatives:

Stroma of the glands

Back 55

Mesenchyme

Front 56

Glandular parenchyma is largely suppressed in males by what hormone?

Back 56

androgens

Front 57

Only pectoral mammary ridge area develop in women

What becomes of the remaining major ridges

Back 57

Remain as supernumerary nipples

Occurs if the major ridge does not disappear

Front 58

Mammary glands have ___-___ tissue cords that develop into lactiferous ducts.

Back 58

15-25 tissue cords.

Lactiferous ducts become mammary gland lobes

Front 59

Ducts and alveoli are lined with _______ epithelium.

Back 59

cuboidal

Front 60

Causes:
Salpingits, Gonorrhea, Chlamydial infections.

Tubal scarring may result with chronic salpingitis.

Scarring may cuase infertility 20% risk each time

Ectopic pregnancy increased by scarring

Back 60

Salpingitis (inflammation of the fallopian tubes)

Modern antibiotics good treatment for these infections