Histology - Epithelium

Front 1

What are the 2 main categories of epithelium?

Back 1

membranous and secretory

Front 2

What are epithelia derived from?

Back 2

ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

Front 3

What are epithelium anchored to?

Back 3

the basal lamina

Front 4

What forms the basement membrane?

Back 4

the basal lamina and connective tissue

Front 5

Where will you not find epithelia?

Back 5

articular cartliage of joints, enamel of tooth, and anterior surfaces of the iris

Front 6

What are 2 hallmark structural characterists of epithelium?

Back 6

1. Avascular
2. Almost no intercellular substance between component cell

Front 7

What are epithelia anchored too?

Back 7

the basal lamina

Front 8

What does simple squamus line?

Back 8

body cavities and blood vascular system

Front 9

What shape is simple cuboidal in 3D?

Back 9

hexagonal

Front 10

What does unmodified simple columnar still have?

Back 10

Generally has a brush boarder - microvillous

Front 11

What structures are in modified simple columnar?

Back 11

goblet cells and cilli

Front 12

Where do you find simple cuboidal?

Back 12

in duct lining and the covering of the ovary

Front 13

Where do you find unmodified simple columnar?

Back 13

Gallbladder lining

Front 14

Where do you find modified simlple columnar?

Back 14

Goblet --small/large intestines

cilia -- oviduct/fallopian tubes

Front 15

What are two specializations of stratified squamous epithelia?

Back 15

Keratinizing and non-keratinizing

Front 16

Where are two places that you would find stratified squamous?

Back 16

Vagina and epithelium

Front 17

What is the benefit of keratin?

Back 17

It provides a waterproof barrier

Front 18

Where do you find stratified cuboidal?

Back 18

Rare- but found in the lining of duct work of major glands-- pancreas and salivary and ALWAYS found lining the ducts of sweat glands

Front 19

Where is stratified columnar found?

Back 19

found lining the larger ducts of epithelial glands -- pancreas and salivary

Front 20

What is a hallmark characteristic of transitional?

Back 20

convex apical evaginations

Front 21

Where is transitional epithelium found?

Back 21

the bladder and the ureter

Front 22

Where do you find pseudostratified epithelium?

Back 22

usually found in the respiratory tract -- nasal cavity, trachea, and primary bronchi

Front 23

What is the other type psedostratified epithelium and where is it found?

Back 23

pseduostratified columnar epithelium w/ sterocilia -- found in the lining of the epididymis

Front 24

What is the lateral domain connected by?

Back 24

cell adhesion molecules and junctional complexes

Front 25

What secretes the basal domain?

Back 25

the epithelium cells themselves

Front 26

What is the basal lamina -connective tissue complex?

Back 26

the basement membrane

Front 27

What does the cytoskeleton do?

Back 27

cell movement, support and strength for the cell, phagocytosis, cytokenesis, cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adherence --changes in cell shape

Front 28

What are the 3 main groups of the cytoskeleton?

Back 28

1. microfilaments
2. intermediate filaments
3. microtubules

Front 29

What is the main component of microfilament?

Back 29

actin

Front 30

What are actin filaments composed of? and what do they form?

Back 30

They are made of globular monomers (g-actin) which makes filaments (f-actin)

Front 31

Where can actin be found as a function in cell?

Back 31

Can be found in microvilli of intestinal and kidney epithelial cells

Front 32

What causes depolymerization to occur in actin filaments?

Back 32

Due to ATP hydrolysing to ADP occurs at the minus end

Front 33

What are 3 actin binding proteins?

Back 33

thymosin, profilin and gelsolin

Front 34

What do actin binding proteins do?

Back 34

They assembly actin monomers into filaments and facilitate the origanization of these filaments into thick bundles

Front 35

What is the most stable cytoskeleton structure? Why?

Back 35

the intermediate filament because they do not fluctuate between assembly and disassembly states

Front 36

What regulated the assembly and disassembly states of intermediate filaments?

Back 36

regulated by phosphorylation

Front 37

What does detergent and salt treatments dissolve?

Back 37

Dissolve microfilaments and microtubules but leave intermediate filaments

Front 38

What is the common monomer of an intermediate filaments?

Back 38

consisting of alpha helical rod domain flanked by a nonhelical n-terminal head domain a and c terminal tail domain

Front 39

What are the steps from monomer to intermediate filament?

Back 39

2 monomers make a dimer, 2 dimers make a tetramer, multiple tertrameres make a protofilament, 4 protofilaments make a intermediate filament

Front 40

How many types of intermediate filaments are there?

Back 40

I - VI

Front 41

What are microtubules composed of?

Back 41

tubulin dimers

Front 42

What makes up a microtubule dimer?

Back 42

consists of 2 tightly bound tubulin molecules --alpha and beta tubulin

Front 43

What shape are microtubule tubulin subunits arranged in? what are they called?

Back 43

arranged in longitudinal rows called protofilaments

Front 44

How many protofilaments are needed to make a protofilament?

Back 44

13 - which make a cylinder hollow core

Front 45

What type of cytoskeleton fiber undergoes dynamic instability? what is it? when is it important?

Back 45

Microtubules

dynamic instability -- undergo alternate phases of slow growth and rapid depolymerzation -- used in mitosis and meiosis

Front 46

What stabilizes the microtubules?

Back 46

microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs)

Front 47

What are the 3 functions of the MAPs?

Back 47

1. protect MTs from disassembling
2. inhibit tubulin dissociation
3. link adjacent MTs and other cellular organelles --dynein and kinesin

Front 48

Which way does kinesin move vessels?

Back 48

Towards the synapse -- antrograde transport

Front 49

Which way does dynein move?

Back 49

retrograde - toward the cell body