Histology- Digestive Glands

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DIGESTIVE GLANDS

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-

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Salivary glands constitute all glands that...

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pour secretion into the oral cavity

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Accessory salivary glands

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labial, buccal, lingual and palatine glands.
secretions are mainly to lubricate and moisten oral mucous membrane

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Main or major salivary glands

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3 pairs of glands
parotid
submandibular
sublingual

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Saliva

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splits starch and immunoglobulin

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major salivary - compund tubulo-alveolar, exocrine glands share the following basic structures

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----

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Stroma

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fibrous framework made up of
1. capsule- dense CT
2. trabeculae- dividing glands into lobes and lobules
3. reticular fibers-supporting parenchymal components

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Parenchyma

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cellular component made up of
1. Acini
2. serous acini
3. mucous acini
4. mixed acini

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Acini

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secrety units. 3 types

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serous acini

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rounded in cross section w/ narrow lumen
cells are pyramidal w/ rounded nuclei and granular cytoplasm.
secrete watery albuminous secretion

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Mucous acini secrete

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mucus

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Mixed acini r mucous acini w/ group of serous cells. the ____ _____ overlie acini cells. Secretion of serous cells reach lumen of acini via ____ ____

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1. serous demilunes
2. intercellular canaliculi

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Ducts-

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secretion of the acini collected by a system of ducts

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Name the four different types of ducts

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1. intralobular
2. interloBULAR
3. interLOBAR
4. Main ducts

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Intralobular ducts

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start as narrow ducts draining acini called INTERCALATED DUCTS. These unite to form larger ducts called SECRETORY STRIATED ducts, lined by simple cuboidal

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InterLOBULAR ducts

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lie in CT trabeculae between lobules result from union of several striated ducts. Wider and lined w/ simple columnar

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InterLOBAR

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larger ducts running between lobes. lined with pseudostratified epithel

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Main ducts

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open into oral cavity, lined w/ strat squamos non-kerat

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myoepithelial or basket cells

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Help squeeze secretions out of acini and propagation along the ducts

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SALIVARY GLANDS

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SALIVARY GLANDS

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Parotid glands

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thick capsule and trabeculae containing many fat cells
ACINI ARE 100% SEROUS

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submandibular gland

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less fat cells than parotid
ACINI ARE 80% SEROUS AND 20% MUCOUS AND MIXED

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sublingual gland

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thin capsule and trabeculae
ACINI 99% ARE MUCOUS AND MIXED, SEROUS ACINI ARE RARE 1%

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Pancreas

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mixed exo-endocrine gland

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Exocrine portion of pancreas

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secretes pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes
THE PANCREATIC ACINI ARE 100% SEROUS

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intralobular ducts start from within the acini and appear lining their lumina as ??

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centro acinar cells

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Interlobular ducts

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lined with cuboidal to short collumnar

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interlobar ducts are lined with?

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tall simple columnar cells

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The main pancreatic duct opening into the duodenum is lined by ?

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simple columnar w/ some goblet cells

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Endocrine portion of Pancreas appear as round to oval pale staining areas w/ darkly stained acini, these areas are called

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ISLETS OF LANGERHANS

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A cells or Alpha cells secrete?

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glucagon hormone which acts to elevate blood glucose level

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B cells or beta cells secrete?

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Insulin which acts to reduce blood glucose level

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C cells are few cells with few or no granules in cytoplasm, some believe it may be a

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reserve cell for A and B cells

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D cells secrete

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hormone somatorstatin, said to cause inhibition of surrounding endocrine cells

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LIVER

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LIVER

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Liver is the largest gland in the body, also a mixed ....

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exo-endocrine gland.

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inferior surface there is a transverse fissure caleed?

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porta hepatis

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what structures pass thru the porta hepatis

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portal vein
hepatic artery
hepatic ducts (bile ducts)

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Liver is covered by a capsule of CT under visceral peritoneum called?

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glissons capsule

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what three structures constitute the portal triad?

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portal vein
hepatic artery
bile duct

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The areas of CT containing the portal triad vessels are called ?

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portal areas.

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The Parenchyma of hepatic lobules is made up of central venules, liver cells or____, _____, and _____, all supported by networks of reticular fibers.

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1. hepatocytes
2. bile canaliculi
3. hepatic sinusoids

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Central venules are located near center of each he[atic lobule, they drain all....

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hepatic sinusoids of the lobule

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Liver cells or hepatocytes

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under LM appear arranged as branching cords
cells appear polyhedral and some may be binucleated

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Hepatic Sinusoids are lined with endothelial cells and branching ______ called _____

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1. phagocytic cells
2. von kupffers cells

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circulation of blood in the liver.

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sinusoids drain into central venules, which drain into sublobular veins

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Gallbladder is a muscular sac which ______ and ____ bile.

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1. cincentrates
2. stores

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the mucous membrane layer is highly folded and has a surface layer made up of ?

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simple columnar epihtelium

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musculosa is made up of

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smooth muscle that run mostly circular or oblique

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peritoneum is made up of a surface layer of simple squam epithelium called the?

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mesothelium.