Histology: Development Of The Face & Oral Cavity

Front 1

The solid mass of cells resulting from cleavage

Back 1

morula

Front 2

hollow ball of cells with a cluster of cells its inner surface

Back 2

blastocyst

Front 3

forms the embryonic portion of placenta

Back 3

trophoblast

Front 4

gives rise to the embryo

Back 4

embryoblast

Front 5

What are the two layers of the bilaminar germinal disc?

Back 5

epiblast and hypoblast

Front 6

The cell layer next to the amniotic cavity that forms the endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm

Back 6

epiblast

Front 7

layer of cells next to the primitive vesicle (yolk sac)

Back 7

hypoblast

Front 8

Cluster of mesodermal cells cephalic to the prechordal plate that form the heart

Back 8

cardiogenic (angiogenic) cells

Front 9

Cylinder of mesoderm that extends from primitive node toward the prechordal plate

Back 9

Notochord

Front 10

depression in caudal portion of epiblast that signals onset of the formation of the third germ layer

Back 10

primitive streak

Front 11

round cephalic end of the primitive streak that controls symmetry of body (ventral-dorsal axis, L&R)

Back 11

primitive node

Front 12

Induces the formation of the nervous system

Back 12

notochord

Front 13

The mesoderm of the notochord induces the __________ to form the nervous system. The ectoderm thickens to form the __________ _______.

Back 13

ectoderm; neural plate

Front 14

What occurs during neurulation?

Back 14

ectoderm on the dorsal surface of the embryo thickens and forms the neural plate.

lateral edges thicken and invaginate forming the neural groove

lateral edges then fuse forming neural tube

neural crest cells are those cells that are not incorporated into the tube

Front 15

What do neural crest cells form?

Back 15

ectomesenchyme -dentin, pulp and alveolar process
melanocytes
adrenal medulla
dorsal root and autonomic ganglia

Front 16

fusion of the epiblast and hypoblast forms the _____________________

Back 16

prechordal plate --> buccopharyngeal membrane

Front 17

Where is the buccopharyngeal membrane located?

Back 17

between the developing heart and brain

Front 18

The primitive oral cavity

Back 18

stomodeum

Front 19

The __________ forms the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, first part of the duodenum and is separated from the stomodeum by the buccopharyngeal membrane

Back 19

foregut

Front 20

The foregut is separated from the somodeum by the ___________________ ______________.

Back 20

buccopharyngeal membrane

Front 21

Breakdown of the ___________________ results in the mouth and pharynx becoming continuous

Back 21

buccopharyngeal membrane

Front 22

An external feature ~ 30 days; The elevation on the face anterior to the brain bulge

Back 22

frontal prominence

Front 23

What are the external features that become visible around 30 days?

Back 23

1. frontal prominence
2. ear, eye, nasal placodes (thickenings of ectoderm)
3. pharyngeal arches

Front 24

The series of swellings on the lateral surface of the embryo involved in the formation of the neck, face, and oral cavity

Back 24

pharyngeal arches

Front 25

Masses of MESODERM and ectomesenchyme covered on the outer surface with ectoderm and on the inner surface with endoderm (except for the first arch which is covered with ectoderm on inner surface)

Back 25

pharyngeal arches

Front 26

Each pharyngeal arch contains what?

Back 26

blood vessel, nerve and a piece of cartilage

Front 27

What features of the embyronic face are found on the frontal prominence?

Back 27

1. nasal placode
2. nasal pit

Front 28

thickening of ectoderm on the frontal prominence which indicates the development of future nose

Back 28

nasal placode

Front 29

depression in nasal placode indicating the external nares; the opening of nasal cavity are separate from one another

Back 29

nasal pit

Front 30

horseshoe shaped ridge along superior aspect of nasal pits

Back 30

nasal processes

Front 31

What are the two nasal processes?

Back 31

medial (upper lip) and lateral (lateral portion of nose)

Front 32

the lateral outgrowth of mandibular arch that forms maxilla

Back 32

maxillary process

Front 33

What external features result from fusion of the MNPs?

Back 33

bridge of nose and philtrum

Front 34

What internal features result from fusion of the MNPs?

Back 34

incisor-bearing segment of maxilla and primary palate

Front 35

What external features result from fusion of the MNP and maxillary process?

Back 35

upper lip

Front 36

What internal features result from fusion of the MNP and the maxillary process?

Back 36

maxillary arch

Front 37

What external features result from the maxilla specifically following fusion of the LNP and maxillary process?

Back 37

infraorbital region
cheek

Front 38

What external feature results from the LNP specifically following fusion of the LNP and maxillary process?

Back 38

ala of the nose

Front 39

The line of fusion on the side of the nose deep to which lies the nasolacrimal duct

Back 39

LNP + maxillary process

Front 40

What are the external features associated with fusion of the mandibular process?

Back 40

lower lip
chin

Front 41

What are the internal features associated with the fusion of the mandibular processes?

Back 41

mandibular arch

Front 42

two lateral swellings of the mandibular arch

Back 42

lateral lingual swellings

Front 43

a single mid-line swelling from the mandibular arch

Back 43

tuberculum impar

Front 44

What are the three embryonic precursor (swellings) associated with development of the tongue?

Back 44

1. lateral lingual swellings
2. tuberculum impar
3. copula

Front 45

Which two embryonic swellings associated with the development of the tongue are derived from the mandibular arch?

Back 45

the lateral lingual swellings and the tuberculum impar

Front 46

The single mid-line swelling posterior to the tuberculum impar is derived from where?

Back 46

The 2nd, 3rd, and 4th pharyngeal arches

Front 47

The anterior 2/3 of the tongue (the body) develops mostly from forward growth of the ___________ __________ ___________ fusing with the __________ ___________.

Back 47

lateral lingual swellings; tuberculum impar

Front 48

The root of the tongue (posterior 1/3) develops from the __________.

Back 48

copula

Front 49

general sensation of the body of the tongue is via which nerve? taste?

Back 49

general sensation: V
taste: VII

Front 50

general sensation of the root of the tongue is via which nerve? taste? efferent to muscle?

Back 50

general sensation: IX
taste: IX and X
efferent to muscle: XII

Front 51

The small triangular anterior portion of the hard palate; forms from the fusion of the two ________ _______ _______.

Back 51

primary palate; MNPs

Front 52

forms from the fusion of the palatine shelves (outgrowths of maxillary process); initially vertical in position with tongue between

Back 52

secondary palate

Front 53

What are the two types of cleft lip?

Back 53

lateral and medial

Front 54

Lateral cleft lip results from improper fusion of the __________ and ___________ processes.

Back 54

Medial nasal and maxillary

Front 55

Medial cleft lip results from improper fusion of ....

Back 55

The two MNPs

Front 56

Frontal dysplasia results in no ________ and/or __________ of nose; due to improper fusion of what?

Back 56

philtrum or bridge of nose; MNPs

Front 57

What facial abnormality is associated with a lateral cleft lip and a cleft on the face superficial to the nasolacrimal duct? Caused by improper fusion of....

Back 57

Oblique facial cleft; improper fusion of LNP, MNP and maxillary processes

Front 58

Improper fusion of the mandibular process results in

Back 58

median cleft jaw or median cleft chin ("butt" chin)

Front 59

Improper fusion between maxillary and mandibular processes causes both

Back 59

microstomia and macrostomia

Front 60

What are the two types of anomalies associated with the oral cavity?

Back 60

1. cleft palate
2. furications of the tongue

Front 61

What are the two types of cleft palate?

Back 61

1. anterior
2. posterior

Front 62

anterior cleft palate results from what?

Back 62

improper fusion of the palatine shelf and medial nasal process

Front 63

cleft palate is often associated with ________ ______ _____

Back 63

lateral cleft lip

Front 64

posterior cleft palate results from improper fusion of what?

Back 64

palatine shelves

Front 65

A bifid tongue results from improper fusion of what?

Back 65

the lateral lingual swellings

Front 66

What two embryonic structures form the palate?

Back 66

MNP
Maxillary process (palatine shelves)

Front 67

The palatine shelves that fuse to form the secondary palate are outgrowths of what embryonic structure?

Back 67

maxillary process

Front 68

Which embryonic structure that contributes to the fomration of the palate does NOT contribute to the formation of the soft palate?

Back 68

MNP