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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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motile processes found in the trachea
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cilia
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what structure or layer is present in thick skin and not in thin skin
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stratum lucidum
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secretion of small pieces of apical cytoplasm is called what?
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apocrine secretion
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what type of epithelium helps form a serosa?
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simple squamous
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A cell junction that has tonofilaments anchored into disc-like plaques of electron dense material and which serves for attachment is what?
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macular adherens
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what epithelia types line the small intestine?
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simple columnar epithelium w/ microvilli
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what epithelium lines blood and lymph vessels?
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simple squamous ep.
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What Ep. lines the trachea?
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simple squamous ep.
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what ep lines urinary bladder?
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transitional ep so it can stretch
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what ep lines epidiymis of the testes?
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pseudostratified columnar ep w/stereocillia
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a whole cell is secreted or destroyed in the process of secretion occurs in which of the following type of secretion?
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holocrine
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characteristics of ep tissue
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a vascular
hi regererative power covers surface always rest on basement membrane w/underlying CT gets oxygen and nutrients from BS in CT exhibits polarity |
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3 major groupings of ep. tissue
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1.surface
2.glandular 3.special (sensory/repo) |
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functions of ep. tissue
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protection (skin)
absorption (columnar ep lining intestines) secretion (sweat glands) |
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3 surfaces of epithelialium
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1.apical surface-free surface faces air,fluid, or lumen.
2.basal-attached to surface like basal membrane then to CT 3.Lateral surface-attached to other ep. cells |
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2 ways to classify surface epithelium
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number of cell layers
cell shape |
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ways to characterize surface ep. based on number of celll layers
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simple
stratified pseudostratified |
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simple ep.
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single layer of cells
(one cell thick) |
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stratified ep.
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2 or more cells thick
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pseudostratified ep.
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appears to be over 1 layer thick but actually each cell is touch basal surface
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if ep is layered and contains cells of more than one shape, how is ep. named?
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named based on cell shape of most superficial layer
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way to characterize surface ep. based on cell shape
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squamous
cuboidal columnar |
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squamos ep.
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flattened scale like cells w/ flattened n. looks like pancake much wider than hi
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cuboidal ep.
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cells as tall as they are wide (cube w/round n.)
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columnar ep.
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cells taller by 2x more than they are wide (oval n.)
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type of ep. in lining of lumen of trachea
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pseudostratified columnar ep. with cilia
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type of ep. in secretory duct
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strat cuboidal
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Pap smear
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easy fast way to detect atypical cervial ep cells that are associated w/cervial cander. they atypical (dysplastic) cells have an increased ratio of nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio
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keratinized ep.
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several layers of dead cells containing keratin on top layer to serve as protection
eg. skin. the upper laye rof squamous cells die and lose their n. and fill up w/keratohyalin to protect agains dehydration |
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nonkeratinized ep.
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no keratin. the surface is live cells w/nucleus
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endothelium
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simple squamous ep that lines blood and lymph vessels
smallest vessels,caps consist only of endothelium |
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describe transitional ep
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shown in two diff shapes (relaxed and distended) it is called this bc it can change its shape according to pressures exerted upon it
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describe nonderatinized startified squamous tissue
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small n. in center w/lots of cytoplasm
flattened cells w/low n. to cytoplasmic ratio usually will see squamous cell in slie prep |
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mesothelium
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simple squamous ep that line major body cavities and covers free ouside surface of organs
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gernimal ep
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ep that gives rise to spermatozoa
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types of special ep
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endothelium
mesothelium neuroepithelium germinal ep transitional ep |
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transitional ep
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stratified ep whose cells vary in form w/functional state of the organ. the cell have fusiform vessicles that become part of the apical membrane when stretchin occurs
multilayer; looks like cobble stone appearance when in relaxed state |
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metaplasia
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cells change from one shape to another
eg. smoking induces squamous metaplais in pseudostratified columnar ep of resp tract so than now the cells properties differ from original ep. |
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what are components of serosa?
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mesothelium and underlying conn tissue
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what are in the insdie of basal infolding?
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mitochondira
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what surrounds microvillus
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glycolcalyx
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how do nonbasal cells get nutrients?
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the get nutrients through conn tissue. so nutrients have to diffuse through all cell layers. theres is a limit as to how far these cells can get away from basement mem. before they die
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describe dysplastic cells
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cells have much less cytpolams and larger n.
larger n. to cytoplasm ratio and larger n. white blood cells come to area |
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apical surface specializations
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microvilli
stereocillia cilia |
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components of basement mem
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basal lamina
reicular lamina |
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where are hemidesmosomes located?
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on basal lamina
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microvilli of apical surface of ep cell
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non motile approx 1um in l
aborbptive properties core of actin striated border of int. ep brush border of kidney used on increase SA |
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stereocillia of apical surface of ep cells
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ultrastructrually like microvilli
approx 20-50 um in length in epididymis |
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cilia of apical surface of ep cells
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motile processes 10um long
9+2 arangement of microtubuls coordinated movements aid in luminal transport of materials like mucus found in trachea |
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lateral surface specializations in ep cell
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junctional complexes
zonula occludens zonula adherens macula adherens gap junction |
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adhesion belt w/cadherens interconnecting mats of actin in cytoplasm
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zonula adherens
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macula adherens
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spot welds w/keratin intermediate filaments attached to them to provide structural support
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basement membrane
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sheetlike substrate upon which all ep rest. basement mem is seen with PAS staining which stains the glycoprotiens to see two component layers in EM
1.basal lamina 2.reticular lamina |
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what is on basal surface of ep cells
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hemidesmosomes to allow cells to attach to basement mem via integrins
when cell does transporting on basal surface it has basal infolding to increase SA of basal mem for transport and since so much NRG is need the mitochondia are in the basal foldings |
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what allow hemidesmosomes to attach to basement mem?
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integrins
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basal lamina of basement mem
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produced by epithelium
composed mostely of type 4 collagen and laminin |
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what is basal lamina made of?
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type 4 collagen and laminin
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reticular lamina of basement mem
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made by fibroblasts in conn tissue and type 3 collagen (reticular fibers) and laminin
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terminal bar
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junctional complex as seen in lt microscope as darkly stained lines near apical surface of ep cells in intestine. composed of three seperate junctions; a zonula occludens, zonula adherens, and desmosome
mostly zonula adherens -actin adhesion belt that wraps around cell -2x denser where cell are in contact bc each cell has a zonula adherens |
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2 types of glandular epithelium
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endocrine
exocrine |
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glandular epithelium
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glands are organs that secrete substances into ep surface or into duct leading to surface(exocrine) or BS (endocrine)
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2 major types of exocrine glands
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1. single cell exocrine
2. multicellurlar exocrine |
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single cell exocrine
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goblet cells lining respiratory and digestive tracts that are parallel to columnar ep cells
contains secretory granules in apical cytoplams and are waiting for strimulus to release mucus contents by exocytosis Use PAS to show mucus of mucus cells |
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only single cell exocrine gland
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goblet cells lining resp and digestive tract
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multicelluar exocrine glands
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many categories
ex are salivary galnds and exocrine part of pancrease may have mixture of mucous and serous secreting cells |
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myoepitelial cells
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modified ep cells for contraction. share basal lamina of acinar cells. myopep cells exhibit fibrillar cytoplsmaic processes that radiate from cell body and wrap around acini and some small ducts. their contraction assist in expressing secretions from acini and from small ducts
looks like tentacles |
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acinus
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secreting cells that discharge into a duct
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describe serous acinus
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pyramidal shaped cells
cell boundary indistinct spherical centered nucleus apical secretory granuals basophilic cytoplasm around nucleus bc lots of rough ER proteinaceous secretion w/enzymes |
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2 places serous acinus are found
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exocrine pancrease
salivary gland |
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mucuous acinus characteristics
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pyramidal cell shape
cell boundary distinct nucleus flat and at base of cell secretory product (mucus) lost during tissue prep so apical part of cell is clear only slight basophilia arnd n. viscous secretion |
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serous demilune
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crescent shaped serous cells overying basal part of mucous acinous
channels between mucous cells so that the serous cells can secrete their producet between the mucous cells into the duct |
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relationship of mucous and serous cells after rapid freezing methoud
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serous cells extend from basal lamina to lumen of acinus. the serous cells occupy the periphery of the acinus to form the serous demilune. this si an artifact of immerision fixation. the swollen mucous cells have forced out the secous cells leaving small remnant of cytoplasm between mucous cells
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3 types of exocrine secretion
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1.merocrine (exocytosis)
2.apocrine 3.holocrine |
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merocrine
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no loss of celluar content. the material fuses w/cell membrane and contents are released into lumen of the duct
most common in sweat glands and salivary glands |
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apocrine
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apical membrane is pinched off during secretion so the cytoplasm,product, and membrane is secreted
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holocrine secretion
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whole cells is secreting or destroyed
seen in sebaceous gland |
