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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What are the four types of connective tissue?
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connective tissue proper
cartilage bone blood |
2c or 2 b
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what are the key features of connective tissue?
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in all tissues (greater or lesser degrees)
relationship to tissues defines organ architecture comprised of varying amounts of cells, fibers, & ground substance |
every where & every way
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what is ground substance?
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space filling molecules & water found in between fibers & cells
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background
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how do We determine classifications of connection tissue?
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cells, fibers, grand substance, shape, architecture, pattern
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description
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What are the classifications of connection tissue proper?
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loose irregular connective tissue (areolar CT)
dense irregular connective tissue dense regular connective tissue adipose tissue |
LADD
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What is loose irregular connection tissue?
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has more space than fibers
cellularity varies: few fibers randomly oriented collagenous, reticular & elastic fibers fibroblasts predominant cell ground substance mainly hyaluronate (large glycosaminoglycan that links diverse CT macromolecules together) soft & pliable |
fibroblastic chaotic mixed space
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What is dense irregular connective tissue?
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more fibers than space; collagen & fibroblast predominant, typically fewer cells
large amounts of "wavy" collagen (less space); in life, firm, resistant to compression arranged tightly but oriented irregularly (different directions) |
fibroblastic collagenic fibered irregular
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What are the four types of connective tissue?
|
connective tissue proper
cartilage bone blood |
2c or 2 b
|
|
|
what are the key features of connective tissue?
|
in all tissues (greater or lesser degrees)
relationship to tissues defines organ architecture comprised of varying amounts of cells, fibers, & ground substance |
every where & every way
|
|
|
what is ground substance?
|
space filling molecules & water found in between fibers & cells
|
background
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|
|
how do We determine classifications of connection tissue?
|
cells, fibers, grand substance, shape, architecture, pattern
|
description
|
|
|
What are the classifications of connection tissue proper?
|
loose irregular connective tissue (areolar CT)
dense irregular connective tissue dense regular connective tissue adipose tissue |
LADD
|
|
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What is loose irregular connection tissue?
|
has more space than fibers
cellularity varies: few fibers randomly oriented collagenous, reticular & elastic fibers fibroblasts predominant cell ground substance mainly hyaluronate (large glycosaminoglycan that links diverse CT macromolecules together) soft & pliable |
fibroblastic chaotic mixed space
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What is dense irregular connective tissue?
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more fibers than space; collagen & fibroblast predominant, typically fewer cells
large amounts of "wavy" collagen (less space); in life, firm, resistant to compression arranged tightly but oriented irregularly (different directions) |
fibroblastic collagenic fibered irregular
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What is dense regular connective tissue?
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heavy amounts of collagen fibers arranged in parallel (little space); few cells
very firm; resistant to strong directional force |
thick & parallel
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What is adipose tissue?
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predominant feature is adipocyte (fat cell)
usually found in association with loose CT's anatomical location directly related to heat conservator & mechanical cushioning important energy Store (mare E per gm) |
fat
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What are the general functions of connective tissue proper?
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shape (connect, suspend, form)
thermodynamically insulate & mechanically cushion food (energy) storage site (nutritive) important in repair & regeneration |
housewife
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What are the components of connective tissue proper?
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cells, fibers, & ground substance
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coffee grounds
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What cells are in connective tissue proper?
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Mesenchymal cells
fibroblasts macrophages plasma cells pericytes fat cells Mast cells leukocytes reticular cells pigment cells |
3m, 362 A, 1l, 1r
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What are mesenchymal cells?
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found in embryonic mesoderm (not adult)
called undifferentiated, stellar shaped cell, cytoplasm often indistinguishable from surrounding matrix capable of synthesizing corrective tissue fibers & ground substance (mesenchyme) ability to differentiate into ct cells (pluripotert) |
stem cell
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What is pluripotent?
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ability to differentiate into other CT cells
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change
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What are fibroblasts?
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most common connective tissue cell
euchromatic, prominent nucleus, may be only visible feature, round or oval in shape typically elongate and/or stellate, with thin attenuated cytoplasm; when stimulated or actively synthesizing matrix, can have abundant basophilic cytoplasm cytoplasm often rich in RER with Golgi complex-great synthetic potential capable of motility functions in synthesis of connective tissue fibers & ground substance |
commonly busy
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what are macrophages?
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found in variety of morphologies (pleomorphic) and states of activity
depending upon location or disease state - referred to as histiocyte, fixed macrophage, wandering macrophage (uses chemotaxis), Kupffer cell (liver), alveolar macrophage (lung) second most common CT cell large cell with irregular or stellate to round shape, round to indented nucleus cytoplasm filled with lysosomes (degradative potential) and may be filled with debris (vacuoles or intensely stained material) origin is circulating blood monocyte (derived from, but can also divide) can fuse to form giant cells involved in variety of functions; phagocytic explots, interacts with other CT and inflammatory cells, produces >50 factors (cytokines, growth factors, prostaglandins, proteases) |
sentry cells
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what are plasma cells?
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small size with basophilic cytoplasm
dark round, eccentrically located nucleus (wheel spokes) area adjacent to nucleus is negatively stained indicating large golgi complex found in tissue where continuous or frequent antigenic challenge (GI tract, respiratory system, urogenital tract) derived from B lymphocytes with humoral antibody production function has russsell bodies |
immunity
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what are russell bodies?
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acidophilic (eosinophilic) granules sometimes found in cytoplasm (an accumulation of secretory product or incompletly formed immunoglobulin
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junk in trunk
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what are pericytes?
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perivascular or adventitial cells
found 'wrapped' around small vessels and capillaries surrounded by basement membrane adjacent to endothelial cell capable of migrating away from vessel and differentiating into other CT cells |
differentiation
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what are the types of fat cells?
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white and brown
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coffee colors
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what are white fat cells?
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large cell containing a single lipid droplet (unilocular)
'signet ring' shape - nucleus and cytoplasm flattened at edge does not stain in routine preparations because lipid is extracted by processing solvents |
storage
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what are brown fat cells?
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smaller cell containing multiple fat droplets (multilocular) with central round nucleus
developse in prenatal period as mechanism for resisting cold extremes, and in hibernating species |
birth and long rests
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What are mast cells?
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not easily seen by routine H & E stains, best seen with toluidine blue o stain
very large cell, round or fusiform round nucleus; cytoplasm completely filled with large round granules granules ocntain large amounts of heparin (anti-blood clotting) and histamine (smooth muscle tone) plus proteases and esterases found in connective tissues near blood vessels and organ tubes with smooth muscle perhaps derived from lymphocytes or mesenchymal cells involved in control of certain epithelial secretory activity, smooth muscle responses to antigenic stimuli, and complex inflammatory activity |
mast of the boat
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what are leukocytes?
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in addition to monocytes and macrophages, lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are found in CT's
usually transient and reflective of inflammation due to injury or disease |
sentinaries
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what are reticular cells?
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large, stellate shaped cell wit hconsiderable amount of basophilic cytoplasm
located in lymphoid organs (lymph nodes and spleen) and bone marrow fixed (not mobile) fibroblasts which synthesize reticular fibers (type III collagen) |
builders
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what are pigment cells?
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migrate throughout the body to reside in or close to basal cell layer of epidermis (in process some are left behind along migratory pathways)
produce melanin pigment (uv radiation protectant) |
sheild
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what are fibers?
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synthesized by cells and located extracellularly
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connections
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what are the 2 categories of fibers in connective tissue proper?
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collagen fibers and elastic fibers
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CE
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what are collagen fibers?
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impart tensile strength
synthesized inside fibroblasts as precollagen, secreted and modified to tropocollagen monomers are aggregated (x linked) through the enzymatic oxidation of lysyl and hydroxylsyl residues to form mature fibrils |
spider web theory
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how many types of collagen fibers do we focus on?
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Types I - IV (possible V)
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first four, more being discovered
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what is collagen fiber type I?
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most abundant of types, found in skin, bone, tendons, ligaments, etc
stains orange to orange pink in H & E synthesized by fibroblasts, osteoblasts, smooth muscle by LM, appear as wavy interlacing strands of varying thickness |
sunset waves
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what is collagen fiber type II?
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found in cartilage, nucleus pulposus (spinal column) and viterous body (eye)
synthesized by chondroblasts |
special spots
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what is collagen fiber type III?
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synonymous with reticular fibers, but must be tstained specifically to recognize
located in lymphoid organs, bone marrow, visceral organs, skin synthesized by reticular cells, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells |
organs and immunity
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what is collagen fiber type IV?
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located exclusively in basement membranes (basal laminae)
adhesive in properties, no fibrillar like types I-III, synthesized by epithelial cells |
basement basals
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what other types of collagen are there?
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type V a cell surface collagen, newly discovered ones are being described
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surfaces and unknowns
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what are elastic fibers?
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impart elasticity and recoil to tissue consistency
pale pink with H & E, best seen with special stains ligaments (dorsum of neck) elastic arteries (aorta) and lungs (passive recoil) found either as a fiber (cylinder) or layered sheets synthesized by fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and chondroblasts |
bounce on ropes or beds
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what is ground substance found in connective tissue proper?
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synthesized by fibroblasts as well as epithelial cells
mostly washed out of routine tissue preparations, so not readily visualized or demonstrated proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, and glycoproteins comprise a remarkably ordered and dynamic acellular regions, act no only as glue between cells and fibers of CT but have profound effects upon cellular behavior and such processes as morphogenesis, injury, and repair |
matrix, glue, and behavior.
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