Histology Chap 4 (Martini) Extra Cards

Front 1

Dense irregular CT?

Back 1

(no consistent pattern)
These tissues strengthen and support areas subjected to stresses from many direction.

gives skin its strength
except in joints:

Front 2

Dense irregular CT form sheath around cartilages and bones called?

Back 2

cartilages ( perichondrium)

Bones (periosteum)

Front 3

Dense irregular CT forms a thinck fibrous layer surrounding internal organs called?

Back 3

Capsule

Front 4

Glandular structures?2 types?

Back 4

1. Unicellular glands (only one in body, Goblet cells)

2. Multicellular glands

Front 5

CT has 3 components?

Back 5

1. specialized cells
2. extracellular proten fibers
3. ground substance(fluid)

Front 6

3 Classification of CT?

Back 6

1. CT proper (Loose & Dense)
2. Fluid CT (Blood & Lymph)
3. Supporting CT (cartilage & Bone)

Front 7

Cell Population of CT?

Back 7

1. Fibroblast
2. Macrophages
3. Adipocytes
4. Mesenchymal cells(embryonic CT)
5. Melanocytes (melanin)
6. Mast cells (histamine &heparin)
7. Lymphocytes (plasma cells)
8. Microphages

Front 8

1. CT Proper

Back 8

Loose and Dense

Front 9

Loose CT Proper

Back 9

Loose
1. Areolar tissue
2. Adipose Tissue
3. Reticular Tissue

Front 10

Dense CT Proper

Back 10

Dense
1. Dense Regular CT
2. Dense Irregular CT

Front 11

2. Fluid CT

Back 11

Blood and Lymh

Front 12

Formed Elements in Blood?

Back 12

1. RBC's (1/2 volume)
2. WBC's (5)
3. Platelets (enzymes & special protein

Front 13

5 White Blood Cells
(Leukocytes)

Back 13

1. Neutrophils
2. Eosinophils
3. Basophils
4. Lymphocytes
5. Monocytes

Front 14

Cartilage growms by two mechanisms?

Back 14

1. Interstitial growth
2. Appositional growth

Front 15

3. Supporting CT

Back 15

Cartilage and Bone

Front 16

Extracellular Fluid includes three major subdivisions:

Back 16

1. Plasma
2. interstitial fluid
3. lymph

Front 17

1.Hyaline Cartilage

Back 17

most common type
(except inside joint cavities)
Covered by dense perichondrium
Matrix contains; collagen fibers making it tough and somewhat flexable and reduce friction bt bony surfaces

Front 18

Hylaine Cartilage locations?

Back 18

Location: bt tips of ribs and bones of sternum;covers bone surface at synovial joints; support larynx, trachea, and bronchi; forming parts of nasal septum

Front 19

2. Elastic Cartilage

Back 19

contains numerous elastic fibers making it very resilient and flexible. provides support but tolerates distortion without damage and returns to original shape.
(yellowish color on gross dissection

Front 20

Elastic Cartilage location?

Back 20

auricle of external ear
epigiglottis
auditory canal
cuneiform cartilage of larynx

Front 21

3. Fibrocartilage

Back 21

little ground substance and matrix made of collagen fibers interwoven making it durable and tough. Resist compression, prevents bone to bone contact, limits movement

Front 22

Fibrocartilage location?

Back 22

Pads within knee joints
Bt pubic bones of pelvis
Intervertebral disc

Front 23

Bones (Osseous tissue)

Back 23

Volume of ground substance very small.
2/3 of matrix consist of mixture of calcium salts (calcium phosphate)with lesser amts of calcium carbonate. The rest of matrix is dominated by collagen fibers.

Front 24

Perichondrium has two layers?

Back 24

1. Outer(fibrous layer)region of dense irregular CT

2. Inner (cellular layer)

Front 25

Many Mucous membranes are lined by?

Back 25

simple epithelia (forms absorption and or secreatory functions) Such as:
simple columnar epithelium of Digestive tract

Stratified squamous epithelium (mouth)

Transitional epithelium (urinary tract)

Front 26

Ventral Body Cavity
(Coelom)

Back 26

surrounds: respiratory tract,cardiovascular,digestive,urinary, & reproductive organs.
Subdivided:Thorasic and Abdominalpelvic cavities

Front 27

three types of serous Membranes?

Back 27

1. pleura
2. peritoneum
3. pericardium

Front 28

Serous memb can be subdivided into: Viceral and Parietal

Back 28

Parietal: lines the inner surface of the caviy

Visceral (serous): covers the outer surface of visceral organs

Front 29

Primary function of Serous Membrane

Back 29

Minimize friction bt the opposing parietal and visceral surfaces

Front 30

Fluid formed on the surface of a serous Memb. ?

Back 30

Transudate
(sm amts) just enogh to prevent friction

Front 31

Mucous Membranes

Back 31

lines cavities that communicate with the exterior.

Contain: areolar tissues called Lamina propia

Front 32

What body organs surfaces do mucous memb cover?

Back 32

Respiratory tract
Digestive tract
Reproductive tract
Urinary tract
(epiethelial surfaces are kept moist at all times to reduce friction and facilitate absorption and secretion)

Front 33

The CT framework of the body, what do the layers do?

Back 33

layer of CT connect the organs within the dorsal and ventral cavities with the rest of the body.

Front 34

The Fasciae layers provide three things?

Back 34

1. strengh & stability
2. Maintain the relative positions of internal organs
3. provide a route for distrubution of:
*blood vessels
*lymphatic vessels
*nerves

Front 35

Fascia

Back 35

are CT layers and wrappings that support an surround organs.

Front 36

Fasiae is divide into three layer?

Back 36

1. Superficial fascia (subcutaneous layer)&(hypodermis)
2. deep fascia
3. subserous fascia

Front 37

What are the three types of Muscle tissue?

Back 37

1. Skeletal muscle tissue
2. Cardiac muscle tissue
3. Smooth muscle tissue

Front 38

What gives the skeletal muscle its stration look

Back 38

Actin and Myosin filaments

Front 39

Another name for Skeletal muscle?

Back 39

Striated Voluntary Muscle

Front 40

Cardiac muscle cells do not rely on nervous activity to to start a contraction. They have Specialized Cardiac muscle cells called... to establish a regular reate of contraction?

Back 40

Pacemaker cells

Front 41

Another name for Cardiac Muscle?

Back 41

Striated involuntary muscle

Front 42

Where is Smooth Muscle tissue located?

Back 42

*walls of blood vessels
*around hollow organs (urinary bladder)
*layers around resp,circulatory,digestive,& reproductive tract

Front 43

Another name for Smooth Muscle Tissue

Back 43

Nonstriated involuntary muscle

Front 44

What are the longest cells in your body?

Back 44

Neurons

Front 45

Neurons

Back 45

longest cell in the body
cannot divide under normal circumtances, very little ability to repair.

Front 46

A typical Neuron has 3 parts?

Back 46

1. cell body (large nucleus & nucleolus)
2. dentrites (receive info from other neurons)
3. axon (conducts info to otheer cells)

Front 47

Neuroglia

Back 47

aka Glia cell (supporting cells)
1. maintains physical structure of tissue
2. repairs tissue framework after injury
3. performs phagocytosis
4. provides nutrient to neurons

Front 48

The restoration of homeostasis after a tissue has been injured involves two related processes

Back 48

1. Inflammation
2. Regeneration

Front 49

Inflammation

Back 49

s&s: swelling, redness, warmth, and pain

Front 50

Infection

Back 50

is caused by harmful bacteria(pathogens)within the tissue causing inflammation