Histology Cell Biology Urinary System High Yield Terms

Front 1

Erythropoietin

Back 1

regulates blood cell formation in response to decreased blood oxygen concentration, acts on specific receptors expressed on surface of CFU-E

Front 2

Renin

Back 2

involved in the control of blood pressure and volume, cleaves angiontensinogen to release angiotensin I

Front 3

Aldosterone

Back 3

regulates uptake of Na which increases blood pressure and volume in distal convulted tubule, released from angiotensin II from zona glomerulosa

Front 4

Angiotensin II

Back 4

converted from angiotensin I by ACE present in lungs, forms aldosterone, potent vasoconstrictor that has a regulatory role in the control of renal and systemic vascular resistance

Front 5

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Back 5

acts on collecting ducts to conserve water, diabetes insipidus occurs

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Cortex

Back 6

consists of renal corpuscles, convulted and straight tubules, collecting tubules and ducts

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Medullary ray

Back 7

contains convoluted tubules, and collecting tubules and ducts

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Medulla

Back 8

contains vasa recta, collecting ducts, and straight tubules

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Vasa recta

Back 9

capillary network which runs parallel to various tubules, vascular part of countercurrent exchange system that regulates the concentration of urine, helps to maintain the osmotic gradient of the medulla,

Front 10

Papilla

Back 10

projects into minor calyx, where all the drainage takes place

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Nephron

Back 11

functional unit of kidney, consists of renal corpuscle and tubule system, collecting ducts responsible for the final concentration of the urine

Front 12

Glomerulus

Back 12

Tuft of capillaries composed of 10 to 20 capillary loops, surrounded by a double layer epithelial cup, called bowman’s capsule, endothelium of capillaries contains fenestrations, secretes renin

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Bowman’s capsule

Back 13

surrounds glomerulus, initial portion of nephron where blood flowing through glomerulus undergoes filtration to produce glomerular ultrafiltrate, simple squamous epithelium constitutes parietal layer

Front 14

The longer the tube

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The more absorption takes place

Front 15

Afferent arteriole

Back 15

from renal artery, give rise to capillaries that form the glomerulus

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Efferent arteriole

Back 16

glomerulus capillaries unite to form efferent arterioles which form capillaries

Front 17

Podocytes

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found in visceral layer of bowman’s capsule, extended around glomerular capillaries, develop pedicles which allow ultrafiltrate from blood to enter bowman’s space, blood contains 25% of glomerular filtrate

Front 18

Urinary space

Back 18

space between visceral and parietal layers, receptacle for the ultrafiltrate produced by the renal corpuscle

Front 19

Mesangial cells

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constitute the mesangium, enclosed by basal lamina of glomerular capillaries, involved in phagocytosis, structural support, and secretion

Front 20

Cortical nephron

Back 20

renal corpuscle found in outer part of cortex, have short loops of henle

Front 21

Juxtamedullary nephron

Back 21

renal corpuscle occur in proximity of the base of a medullary pyramid, have long loops of henle and long ascending thin segments

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Juxtamedullary cells

Back 22

contain secretory granules, secretes rennin

Front 23

Proximal convoluted tubule

Back 23

initial and major site of reabsorption, receives ultrafiltrate from urinary space of bowman’s capsule, contain cuboidal cells with microvilli, most of reabsorption takes place here, contain Na/K atpase pumps, reabsorb amino acids, sugars, and polypeptides

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Thick descending tubule

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descends into medulla, referred to as proximal straight tubule

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Thin descending segment

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highly permeable to water, and less permeable to NaCl and urea, part of the countercurrent exchange system in concentrating urine, transports ions

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Thin ascending segment

Back 26

does not actively transport ions, permeable to NaCl, impermeable to water

Front 27

Thick ascending segment

Back 27

allow Cl, Na, and K to enter cell from lumen, contain large cuboidal cells, less developed microvilli

Front 28

Distal convoluted tubules

Back 28

functions in reabsorption of Na and secretion of K, reabsorption of bicarbonate ions which acidifies urine, and secretion of ammonium, contains aldosterone and antidiuretic system

Front 29

Loop of henle

Back 29

contains thick and thin descending, and thick and thin ascending segments

Front 30

Collecting tubules ducts

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composed of simple epithelium, squamous to cuboidal in shape

Front 31

Interlobar arteries

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branch from renal artery which enters kidney, travel between pyramids as far as cortex

Front 32

Arcuate artery

Back 32

interlobar arteries from base of pyramid between medulla and cortex

Front 33

Urinary passage

Back 33

contains no muscularis mucosa or submucosal layer, only a muscularis externa after lamina propria