Histology Cell Biology "ross" Male Reproductive

Front 1

Damaged testis; what primary functions inhibited?

Back 1

Spermatogenesis
Steroidogenesis

Hint 1

These are the two main functions of the testis

Front 2

Steroidogenesis inhibited; function inhibited?

Back 2

spermatogenesis

Hint 2

steroidogenesis is the production of sex hormones (androgens; in males testosterone is main H); and testosterone is essential for spermatogenesis

Front 3

What week dose the testes develop?

Back 3

7th week

Front 4

If the SRY gene is absent from of Y chromosome; what happens to zygote?

Back 4

gonadal sex cannot be determined

Hint 4

gonadal sex is determined via the SRY gene found in the sex-determining region of the short arm of the Y chromosome

Front 5

If the TDF is mutated; then what development and differentiation will be restricted?

Back 5

Testicular

Hint 5

TDF is a specific DNA-Binding protein in the SRY gene and has been found to be directly responsible for testicular development and differentiation

Front 6

If there is injury to the intermediate mesoderm; relative to development of the Testes; what structures will not form?

Back 6

Urogenital ridges on posterior abdominal wall

Hint 6

The intermediate mesoderm forms the urogenital ridges on the posterior abdominal wall relative to the testes

Front 7

If there is injury to the Mesodermal Epithelium; relative to development of the Testes; what structures will not form?

Back 7

The lining of the urogenital ridges

Hint 7

the mesodermal epithelium (aka coelomic mesothelium) lines the urogenital ridges

Front 8

If there is injury to the Primordial Germ Cells; relative to development of the Testes; what structures will not form?

Back 8

Spermatogonia

Hint 8

Primordial germ cells migrate from yolk sac into developing gonads; in gonads they divide and differentiate into spermatogonia

Front 9

If primordial germ cells do not migrate into the genital ridges; what do not develop?

Back 9

Primary Sex Cords

Hint 9

The migration induces mesodermal cells of urogenital ridges and cells of the coelomic mesothelium to proliferate and form the primary sex cords

Front 10

If the primary sex cords do not form; what will not develop?

Back 10

Seminiferous Cords

Hint 10

As they differentiate into them

Front 11

If mesoenchyme does not separate seminiferous cords of the Urogenital ridges during the indifferent stage on the posterior abdominal wall; what would NOT happen?

Back 11

the indifferent primordium would not develop into a testis

Hint 11

During the indifferent stage; the urogenital ridges are identical in both sexes; has potential to develop into either sex; in early male development the menchyme separates the seminiferous cords giving rise to Leydig (interstitial; [Def- forming or occupying]) Cells; Leydig cells produce testosterone and the testosterone stimulates the growth of the indifferent primordium into a testis

Front 12

If Leydig Cells are incompetent; during the course of the developing testis; what development is halted?

Back 12

The development of the indifferent primordium into a testis

Hint 12

Leydig Cells are responsible for the the production of testosterone and testosterone stimulates the indifferent primordium into a testis

Front 13

During development of the testis; is the production of testosterone is inhibited; additionally to the inability of the indifferent primordium to develop into a testis; what other developments are ceased?

Back 13

Medonephric (Wolffian) Ducts into male genital ducts and the development sertoli (sustentacular) in the semiferous cords.

Front 14

If the development of sertoli cells are inhibited; what would occur?

Back 14

Development of the urogenital ridges into female reproductive organs

Hint 14

sertoli cells secrete MIF (Mullerian-inhibiting Factor) [similar to TGF-b] which inhibits cell division of the paramesonephric (mullerian) ducts; thus inhibiting them from developing into female reproductive organs

Front 15

without 5-alpha reductase; what is the fate of the external genitalia?

Back 15

female external genital organs; along the "female template"

Hint 15

5-alpha reductase; enzyme that converts testosterone into DHT. (dihydrotestrome) and DHT meditates the the development from the indifferent stage toward male external genitalia; REGARDLESS of the genetic or gonadal sex!

Front 16

What is defined in the developing male embryo as its Hormonal Sex?

Back 16

Appearance of Testosterone
MIF
and DHT

Hint 16

=> Appearance of testosterone- via Leydig Cells- via the mesechyme separating the seminiferous cords (this action gives rise to LC); testosterone stimulating the development of the indifferent into testis

=> MIF- Inhibiting paramesonephric ducts to develop into female external genital organs

=> DHT- via testosterone (by 5alpha-reductase); mediates the development of the external genital organs

Front 17

Around what week does the testes descend from the posterior abdomen into the scrotum?

Back 17

~26th (~6.5 months) week of gestation

Front 18

Without testosterone; relative to the descent of the testis; what not occur?

Back 18

Testes would not descend

Hint 18

Testosterone causes the Gubernaculum to shorten; drawing the testis into the scrotum

Front 19

What could an obstruction of the inguinal canal cause; relative to the descent of the testis?

Back 19

Cryptorchidism

Hint 19

aka Undescended testes; as they descend through the inguinal canal; common in about 30% premature; and ~1% full-terms

Front 20

Relative to the descent of the testis; what could lead to risk of testicular cancer?

Back 20

Cryptorchidism

Front 21

Relative to the mesonephric ducts; what fails to develop without testosterone?

Back 21

Efferent Ductules
Epidiymis
Ductus Deferens
Seminal Vesicle
Ejaculatory Duct

Hint 21

the mesonephric duct come into close approximation to the developing rete testis as a degenerating mesonephric tubule; under stimulation via testosterone

Front 22

What function is affected if the testes do not maintain a below normal body temp temperature? What functions are not inhibited?

Back 22

Spermatogenesis; Steriodogenesis is not hindered

Hint 22

Requires 2-3 deg C below body temp for spermatogenesis; steriodogenesis (hormone production) is not affected; as it can occur at body temp

Front 23

What does maintaining high temperatures of the testis and failure of descent of the testes cause?

Back 23

inhibits spermatogenesis

Front 24

Injury to the pampinform venous plexus causes what?

Back 24

Injuries ability of testes to maintain lower temp

Hint 24

Cooler venous return

Front 25

What does injury to the cremaster muscles cause?

Back 25

testes inability to maintain temperature in varying environments

Hint 25

in cooler environment- pulls in; utilizing body temperature
warmer environments- lets out; allowing cooling

Front 26

What does incompetence of Dartos muscle cause?

Back 26

testes inability to maintain temperature in varying environments

Hint 26

in cooler environment- wrinkle; preventing heat loss
warmer environments- loosens; giving off more heat