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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
General characteristics of cartilage
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Avascular
Nourished by diffusion of nutrients from adjacent connective tissue or synovial fluid from joint cavities Contains no lymph or nerves |
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Types of Cartilage
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Hyaline
Elastic Fibrocartilage |
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Surface Covering of Cartilage
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Perichondrium
Sheath of Dense Irregular CT, surrounds cartilage (Except Fibrocartilage and Hyaline Cartilage on Articular Surfaces) Outer fibrous layer contains fibroblasts Inner chondrogenic later contains chondroblasts |
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Contents of Perichondrium
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Blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerves (reason for pain in joints)
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Function of Perichondrium
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Growth and mainenance of cartilage
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Chondroblasts
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Originate from mesenchymal cells
Appear similar to fibroblasts Located in chondrogenic layer of perichondrium "Secrete intercellular matrix around themselves, thereby becoming chondrocytes" |
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Chondrocytes
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Condroblasts surrounded by intercellular matrix
Lie in potential cavities (lacunae) Individual chondrocytes divide to form clusters of chondrocytes, (Isogenous groups) Appear similar to fibroblasts Secrete intercellular matrix |
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Extracellular Matrix (Extensive) - Contents and Function
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Fibers - Collagen (3 cartilage types) & Elastic (Elastic Cartilage)
Ground Substance - Proteoglycans (Chondroitin Sulfate), Non-sulfated Glycosaminoglycans (hyaluronic acid), Glycoproteins Water - Bound to GAG's |
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Physical Properties of Cartilage
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Firm gel-like consistency
Bears mechanical stresses (compressive and tensile) w/o permanent distortion |
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Function of Cartilage (3)
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Provides light, flexible support
Shock absorber (resists pressure) and sliding area (smooth surface) for joints Development and growth of long bones before and after birth (hyaline cartilage) |
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Hyaline Cartilage - Definition
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Possesses perichondrium (except articular surfaces).
Articular cartilage is hyaline cartilage w/o perichondrium (Most Common) |
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Hyaline Cartilage - Fiber Component and Interterritorial Matrix
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Primarily collagen type II fibrils
Interterritorial Matrix - region between lacunae/isogenous groups of chondrocytes rich in fibers |
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Hyaline Cartilage - Ground Substance (3) and Territorial Matrix
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Proteoglycans contain chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate
Hyaluronic acid present, forming proteoglycan aggregates Glycoprotein chondronectin binds GAGs to collagen type II Territorial Matrix - Region surrounding each chondrocyte rich in ground substance |
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Hyaline Cartilage - Water
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Most abundant component of articular cartilage. 65-80% of wet weight of tissue
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Hyaline Cartilage - Distribution
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Fetal Skeleton
Articular Surface (no perichondrium) of movable joints Walls of large respiratory passages Ventral ends of ribs Epiphysial plates of growing long bones |
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Elastic Cartilage - Fiber Component
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Primarily elastic fibers with some collagen type II fibrils
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Elastic Cartilage - Distribution
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External Ear (pinna)
Epiglottis Parts of Larynx |
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Fibrocartilage - Cells
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Chondrocytes usually arranged in long rows
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Fibrocartilage - Fiber Component
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Rich in collagen type I fibers
Regular Arrangement - Tensile Strength Irregular Arrangement - Resists Compression |
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Fibrocartilage - Ground Substance
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Minimal, only around chondrocytes
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Fibrocartilage
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Transition between dense CT and hyaline cartilage.
Does not possess a perichondrium |
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Fibrocartilage - Regular Fiber Arrangement Distribution
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Insertions of certain ligaments and tendons to bone
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Fibrocartilage - Irregular Fiber Arrangement Distribution
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Menisci of Knee
Annulus Fibrosus of IVD Pubic Symphysis |
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Aging: Articular Cartilage - Possible Structural Changes
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Reduced proteoglycan aggregation
Smaller proteoglycans synthesized Decreased ability to hold water in extracellular matrix |
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Aging: Articular Cartilage - Functional Changes
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Reduced ability to dissipate forces across the joint
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