Histology-Bones-Definitions

Front 1

Diaphysis

Back 1

bone shaft

Front 2

epiphysis

Back 2

ends of long bones

Front 3

metaphysis

Back 3

part of the diaphysis closest to each epiphysis

Front 4

epiphyseal plate

Back 4

cartilage region separating diaphysis from epiphysis in growing bone (lengthening)

Front 5

epiphyseal line

Back 5

what the epiphyseal plate turns in to when the bone is done rowing

Front 6

nutrient artery

Back 6

artery to the shaft

Front 7

epiphyseal arteries

Back 7

one artery to each epiphysis

Front 8

metaphyseal arteries

Back 8

arteries to the metaphysis that supply bone tissue and the marrow inside

Front 9

compact (cortical) bone

Back 9

outer layer of solid-appearing bone

Front 10

spongy/cancellous/trabecular bone

Back 10

network of bone tissue on the inside

Front 11

marrow/medullary cavity

Back 11

hollow central part of shaft filled with marrow

Front 12

diploe

Back 12

spongy bone of the flat bones of the skull

Front 13

periosteum

Back 13

strong layer of dense connective tissue surrounding a bone

Front 14

endosteum

Back 14

thin membrane that lines cavities inside bone

Front 15

osteocytes

Back 15

typical bone cell analogous to fibroblast and chondrocytes spider shaped with processes

Front 16

lacuna

Back 16

cavity in bone that holds osteocyte cell body

Front 17

canaliculi

Back 17

canals in bone that hold osteocyte processes

Front 18

osteoblast

Back 18

forms bone by secretion and once surrounded, turn into an osteocyte-mesenchyme derived

Front 19

osteoid

Back 19

organic portion of bone extracellular matrix

Front 20

osteoclasts

Back 20

large, multinucleated cells that resorb bone via lysosomal enzymes (org) and HCl (inorg) help regulate serum calcium and phosphate levels

Front 21

Howship's lacunae (resorption bays)

Back 21

cavities where osteoclasts sit

Front 22

Bone ground substance

Back 22

not much-small GAG-doesn't hold much water

Front 23

bone collagen fibers

Back 23

helps bone resist tension and shear-95% of organic content. type I collagen

Front 24

Lamellae

Back 24

sheets of bone matrix (collagen) that give bone strength

Front 25

osteon (haversian system)

Back 25

concentric rings of lamellae (carpet rolls) that run the length of the bone

Front 26

central canal

Back 26

boneless center of an osteon that contains loose CT, blood vessels, and a nerve

Front 27

interstitial lamella

Back 27

irregular shape, fill spaces between osteons

Front 28

circumferential lamella

Back 28

concentric layers on the outer and inner parts of compact bone

Front 29

laminae

Back 29

curved sheet of 4-20 circumferential lamella, adjacent lamina separated by capillaries

Front 30

Volkmanns' (perforating) canals

Back 30

perpendicular passage for blood vessels that connect central vessels

Front 31

Sharpey's (perforating) fibers

Back 31

bundles of collagen that anchor the periosteum to the bone

Front 32

primary bone

Back 32

developing bone that does not contain lamellae

Front 33

woven bone

Back 33

primary bone woven around network capillaries-in early fetus

Front 34

intramembranous ossification

Back 34

bones that form directly from mesenchyme (cranial, face clavicles)

Front 35

membrane bodies

Back 35

bones that form via intramembranous ossification

Front 36

center of ossification

Back 36

middle of each skull bone from which the bone expands (explains soft spots)

Front 37

endochondral bones

Back 37

begin as hyaline cartilage models followed by cartilage calcification and bone building

Front 38

endochondral ossification

Back 38

the process of developing endochondral bones (fetal-end of adolescence)

Front 39

primary ossification center

Back 39

name of the diaphysis in early fetal bone tissue (endochondral ossification)

Front 40

zone of ossification (metaphysis)

Back 40

site of osteoblasts building primary bone over dead chondrocytes (looks like stalactites)

Front 41

zone of calcification

Back 41

site of cartilage degeneration (in epiphysis)

Front 42

zone of hypertrophy (maturation)

Back 42

large chondrocytes maturing (in epiphysis)

Front 43

zone of proliferation

Back 43

where division of chondrocytes takes place, looks like stack of coins (epiphysis)