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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does blood consist of?
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blood cells and plasma(protein rich fluid component)
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What special stain is used with blood?
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Wright's stain
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What are the 3 cellular components of blood?
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erythrocytes(RBC), thrombocytes(platelets) & leucocytes(WBC)
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Blood is what percentage of total body weight in large and lab animals?
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8-11% and 6-7%
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What does settled or centrifuged blood consist of?
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45% PCV or hemocrit(RBC)-lower
1% buffy coat(thrombocytes & leucocytes)-middle plasma-upper |
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What are mature erythrocytes?
Domestic animals? Goats? Camels and Llamas |
non-nucleated biconcave discs
flattened discs elliptical shape |
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What species has the largest and smallest erythrocytes?
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Dogs (7.0um)
goats (4.0um) |
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What is anisocytosis?
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Variation in size of the erythrocytes.
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What is Poikilocytosis?
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variation in the shape of the erythrocytes (sheep & goat blood)
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What is anemia?
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decreased # of erythrocytes in the blood
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What is the composition of blood?
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92% water
7% plasma protein 1% Other solutes |
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What is rouleaux formation in blood?
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When erythrocytes form long chains resembling stacks of coins.(prominent in horses and cats)
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What happens to erythrocytes during maturation?
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They lose their mitochondria, ribosomes and many cytoplasmic enzymes.
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Heinz bodies are considered what when associated with reticulocytes and Howell-jolly bodies(DNA fragments).
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Pathological and normally not present.
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What is the lifespan of erythrocytes in Dogs,Cats, Cows,Pigs and in horses and sheep?
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120 days-dogs, 75 days-cats, 160 days-cows, 85 days-pigs and 150 days-horse and sheep
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What are the different types of polymorphonuclear granulocytes?
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Neutrophils-white
Eosinophils-pink Basophils-purple |
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What are polymorphonuclear granulocytes?
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polymorphonuclear- nucleus of many shapes,granuals in cytoplasm
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What are the different types of mononuclear agranulocytes?
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Lymphocytes
Monocytes |
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Which species are neutrophil dominant?
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horse,dog,cat
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Which species are lymphocyte dominant?
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pig,cow,sheep,goat
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What are the 2 types of cytoplasmic granules in neutrophils?
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specific granules(bactericidal compound)
azurophilic granules (hydrolytic enzymes) |
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What are neutrophils called in chickens?
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heterophils
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What are 3 characteristics of neutrophils?
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Phagocytic-bacteria
Barr body-female heterophils-chickens |
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What type of leucocytes have a bilobed nucleus and is 10-15um in diameter?
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eosinophil
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The eosinophil cytoplasm contains what?
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specific eosinophilic granules
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What form of leucocytes play a role in allergic and anaphylactic rxns & parasitic infestations?
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eosinophil
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What type of leucocyte has a plain cytoplasm and which have granulated?
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neutrophil
eosinophil |
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What type of leucocyte plays a major role in mediating inflammatory rxns.
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Basophils
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__________ are 10-15um in diameter and have segmented or irregularly shaped heterochromatic nuclei.
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Basophils
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What type of leucocyte have cytoplasmic granules that are metachromatic, stain reddish violet and are water soluable?
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Basophils
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What are round small cells that identifies antigens, then helps destroy them?
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lymphocytes
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What are the 3 types of lymphocytes?
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B-lymphocytes
T-lymphocytes NK cell(natural killer cell) |
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Which lymphocyte is derived from bone marrow in mammals and from the cloaca bursa in birds?
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B-lymphocytes
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What type of lymphocyte produces antibodies and form 10% of the circulating lymphocytes?
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B-lymphocytes
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Which type of lymphocyte is derived from the thymus and participates in cell-mediated immunity
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T-lymphocytes
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____ cells are involved in Humoral immunity,produce antibodies and bone marrow.
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B-cells
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___ cells are involved w/ cell mediated immunity
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T-cells
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What type of lymphocytes are activated by CD4?
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B-cells
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What 2 type of lymphocytes are big players in Aquired Immunity and takes over after Innate Immunity
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B & T-cells
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Which type of lymphocyte forms 75% of the circulating lymphocytes.
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T-cells
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What type of lymphocyte is derived from bone marrow and doesn't require cloacal bursa/thymus for further development?
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(NK)Natural Killer cells
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________ have a non-specific role in immunity and is mainly used for protection against tumor cells.
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NK cell
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What type of lymphocytes produce 10-15% of all blood lymphocytes?
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NK cells
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What type of leucocyte is the largest in diameter(12-18um)?
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Monocytes
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What is the shape of the nucleus of a monocyte?
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kidney shaped or bean shaped or horse shoe shaped
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The intimate contact of lymphocytes and monocytes is necessary for maximal immunological response, which is called?
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cell signaling
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What are some characteristics of the cytoplasm in a monocyte?
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grayish blue in color
appears foamy or vacuolated |
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__________ are precursors of tissue macrophages.
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Monocytes
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What are considered the smallest type of blood cell?
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Thrombocytes/Platelets
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What leucocyte has a major role in blood coagulation?
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Platelets/thrombocytes
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What is responsible for platelet shape change and clot reaction?
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microfilament and microtubules
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What is hematopoisis and where does it occur?
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Its blood cell formation, bone marrow is the primary site where it occurs.
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Where does Hematopoisis occur in early embryonic like
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wall of the yolf sac
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Where does Hematopoisis occur in later embryonic life?
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hematopoitic cells migrate from yolk sac to fetal liver
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Subsequently cells from liver migrate to where during Hematopoisis?
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the bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes and thymus of the embryo.
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What are the 2 types of bone marrow?
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Red and yellow marrow
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_________is actively involved in hematopoisis where as __________ is inactive and contains fat.
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Red marrow, yellow marrow
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Where do blood cells produced in bone marrow cross to reach the peripheral circulation?
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the wall of venous or vascular sinuses
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What does Bone marrow have on its periphery that anastomose and drains blood to the central vein?
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venous or vascular sinuses
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