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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Total volume of blood in normal adult
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6 L - 7-8 % of total body weight
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Functions of blood
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-Transport of nutrients and oxygen to cells
-Transport of wastes and CO2 from cells -Delivery of hormones to and from cells -Homeostasis via buffers -Immune system |
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Hematocrit
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Volume of packed RBC's in sample of blood
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Normal hematocrit in males and females
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Males - 39-50 %
Females - 35-45% |
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Leukocytes and platelets make _ % of blood
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1
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90 % of plasma is _
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Water
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Main protein of plasma
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Albumin
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Largest plasma protein is _ , its made in _
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Fibrinogen,liver
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RBC's have _ staining
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Eosinophilic
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Describe nucleus and organelles of RBC
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Anucleate biconcave disc without organelles
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Life span RBC
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120 days
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Cell membrane of RBC is _
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Lipid blayer
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Types of proteins in cell membrane of RBC
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Integral - most, glycophorins and band 3 proteins - anchoring for cytoskeletal proteins
Peripheral - 2D hexagonal lattice that laminates inner layer of membrane - spectrin, actin, band 4.1, 4.9, adducin, tropomyosin |
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What gives eosinophilic staining to RBC's
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Hemoglobin
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Structure of Hb
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four polypeptide chains of globin alpha beta gamma and delta connected to Fe containing heme
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2 groups of leukocytes
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Granular
Agranular |
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Granulocytes are _
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Neutrophils
Eosinophils Basophils |
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Agranulocytes are
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Lymphocytes
Monocytes |
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Azurophilic granules are generally_
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Lysosomes
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Most numerous WBC
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Neutrophils
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What gives name to neutrophils
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Lack of characteristic staining
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Another name for neutrophils
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Polymorphonuclear cells
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Describe nucleus of neutrophil
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Multilobed
Heterochromatin - periphery Euchromatin - center Barr body in woman - drumstick shaped appendage on one of nuclear lobes |
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3 types of granules in neutrophils
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Specific granules - secondary, twice as numerous as azurophilic, very small, contain enzymes type IV collagenase, phosphatase, activators of complement system
Azurophilic - primary, less numerous, lysosomes, contain myeloperoxidase which generates bactericidal hypochlorite, has defensins that also kill bacteria Tertiary granules - one type contains phosphatases, other type metalloproteinases |
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Important property of neutrophils that distinguishes them is _
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their motility
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Sickle cell disease
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Single point mutation in the gene that encodes beta globulin chain of HbA. Valine is substituted for glutamic acid in position 6. Cells become rigid and pile up in small capillaries, can lead to stroke, pain, etc
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Describe neutrophil phagocytosis
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1. Recognition by Fc receptor
2. Extension of pseudopods 3. Engulfment of foreign body 4. Formation of phagosome 5. Formation of phagolysosome 6. Digestion 7. Storage in residual body or exocytosis |
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Nucleus of eosinophil
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Bilobed
Heterochromatin in periphery, euchromatin in center |
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Specific granules in eosinophils contain 2 main parts -
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crystalloid body and matrix
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