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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the four major types of arteries?
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--Elastic (large conducting) arteries: they are not spreading blood to tissue
--Muscular (Distributing) arteries: control blood pressure and are small in size --Arterioles: Are almost the size of capillaires --Metaarterioles: allow you to have a pass through capillary bed |
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What are elastic arteries?
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-They are large vessels like aorta
-They have a large amount of elastic tissue. (walls may be yellow because of the elastic) -They have a typical intima- thin squamous epithelium Media is very thick: has 40-70 fenestrated elastic layers and smooth muscle is not prominent -Has a thin adventitia and an abundant vasa vasorum They do not have an internal elastic lamina instead have a large # of elastic layers |
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What are the properties of muscular arteries?
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--Has a thin intima with prominent undulating internal elastic lamina
--Media is mostly smooth muscle (w/2-30 concentric layers) --Largest vessels have prominent External Elastic Lamina this is KEY for distinguishing musclar arteries - Media is made of mostly smooth muscle with 2-40 concentric layers. The largest vessels hav e a prominent external elastic lamina |
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What does this image depict?
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Elastic Artery Aorta
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What does this image depict?
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Elastic Artery, Aorta
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What are the key differences between muscular vs elastic artery
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Muscular arteries have an internal elastic lamina, thinner media
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What type of image is this?
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Muscular Artery
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What kind of artery is this?
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Muscular Artery!
Showing: Internal elastic lamina, media and external elastic lamina |
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What are the properties of arterioles?
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They have a width of a wall roughly equal to the diameter of the vessl
Have 1-2 layers of smooth muscle Have a really thin layer of smooth muscle (probably won't see) and NO external elastic lamina |
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What are metarterioles?
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They are a special type of arterioles that directly supply capillary beds. They provide a pass through from arteriole to small venule.
They are partially covered in smooth muscle. Can't identify histologically. |
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What does this image depict?
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Arteriole and Capillary!
Notice the single RBCs in the capillaries and the multiple RBCs in the arteriole. |
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What are the 3 types of capillaries?
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-Continuous (Somatic): most common
-Fenestrated (Visceral): Larger than continuous -Sinusoidal(Discontinuous): Larger than continous |
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What are the properties of capillaires?
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Usually short and a single layer of endothelial cells.
Most active in Transcytosis- where the vessels form on one side and release product on other. They have no muscle associated with them and mau have pericytes- elements involved in contraction. |
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What are the properties of continuous capillaries?
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THey have no interruptions in their walls and have a continuous basal lamin.
The cells are held together via occluding(tight) junctions Have lots of pinocytotic vesicles |
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Where are continuos capillaries found?
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Skeletal and Smooth Muscle
Brain, Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nerves Lung Exocrine Glands Connective Tissue |
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What type of capillary is this?
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Continuous Capillary
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What are the properties of fenestrated capillaries?
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They have pores in their walls (60-80nm diameter) Some of the pores are covered in a thin diaphragm
They have a continuous basal lamina |
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Where are fenestrated capillaries found?
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Mostly endocrine glands
Pancreas Intestines Kidney Glomerulus |
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What type of capillary is this?
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Fenestrated Capillary
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What are the properties of sinusoidal capillaries?
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They are very discontinuous with lots of gaps between endothelial cells (large enough for cell to fit through)
Their fenestrations lack diaphragms Often have phagocytic cells interspersed among the endothelial cells Surrounded by a discontinous basal lamina |
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Where are sinusoidal capillaries found?
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Certain Lymphoid Organs: Spleen, Liver, Bone Marrow, Lymph Nodes
Some Endocrine Glands: Adrenal Cortex |
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What are the properties of veins?
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They have a structure that is parallel to arteries: Wall is thinner, have a poorly developed muscular and elastic layer and an unclear boundary between intima and media.
Blood is in the veins 70% of the time. |
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What does this picture depict?
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Difference between artery and vein.
Artery is on the left |
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What does this picture depict?
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Capillary and Postcapillary Venules
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What are postcapillary venules?
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They are similar to capillaries and have a single layer of endothelium with reticular fibers and pericytes
Once vessels get larger, the pericytes are replaced by smooth muscle High endothelial venules: are specialized venules for when lymphoid cells want to enter or exit the vascular system. In this the endothelium is cuboidal rather than squamous. |
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What are the properties of medium veins?
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This includes most veins.
They have a thin intima with some elastic fibers and no elastic membrane The media has smooth muscle interwoven with collagen fibers. Has a prominent adventitia |
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What are the properties of large veins?
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They constitute major veins
They have lots of subendothelial connective tissue They have a relatively thin media but an extensive adventitia. Some have longitudinally oriented smooth muscle cells |
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What are valves?
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They are extensions of intima and they prevent backflow in absence of forward driving pressure
If you get lots of hyrdorstatic pressure it puts some force on the valves which causes it to break so you get expansion on surface--> varicose veins |
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What is the lymphatic vascualr system?
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It is a series of vessels that collects excess tissue fluid from extracellular spaces. It returns it to cardiovascular system.
Has no pump or active circulation Vessels are found everywhere except the CNS, the orbit, the external ear, cartilage and bone. |
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What are the properties of lymphatic capillaries?
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They are blind-eded, endothelial tubes.
They capture excess tissue fluid. They are a single layer of attenuated endothelial cells. They have an incomplete basal lamina, no tight junctions, no fenestrations. They are held open by Lymphatics Anchoring Filaments |
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What does this image depict?
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The lymphatic capillary
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What are the properties of lymphatic vessels?
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They resemble small veins but have a larger lumen and thinner walls.
They have a thin layer of smooth muscle mixed with fibroblasts and collagen fibers |
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What does this image depict?
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Lymphatic Vessel with Valve
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What are Lymphatic Ducts
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They resemble large veins
They are the largest vessels in the lymphatic system The intima is endothelium with layers of collagen and elastic fibers Media has both circularly and longitdunally oriented smooth muscle. Adventitia contains longitudinally oriented smooth muscle and collagen fibers. |
