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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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microfilaments made of
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actin
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tight junctions made of
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actin
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gelsolin
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microfilament protein. severes actin. caps + end of actin filament and binds to - end (allows disassembly at - end).
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thymosin
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microfilament protein. binds to actin subunit to prevent it from going into ATP form.
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profilin
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binds to actin subunits in ATP form and helps preassemble the subunits so they can rapidly add to the + end
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formin
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microfilament associated; help recruit ATP subunits to the plus end to get rapid actin growth
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progeria
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premature aging disease, associated with nuclear lamins (intermediate filament)
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simple squamous epithelium
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lung, endothelium, mesothelium
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vincristin
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Vincristine binds to tubulin dimers, inhibiting assembly of microtubule structures. Disruption of the microtubules arrests mitosis in metaphase.
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taxol
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Specifically, paclitaxel binds to the β subunit of tubulin. Tubulin is the "building block" of microtubules, and the binding of paclitaxel locks these building blocks in place. The resulting microtubule/paclitaxel complex does not have the ability to disassemble. This adversely affects cell function because the shortening and lengthening of microtubules (termed dynamic instability) is necessary for their function as a mechanism to transport other cellular components.
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zonula occludens
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tight junctions, aka junctional adhesion molecules, claudins and occludins
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zonula adherens
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adhesion molecule - cadherins; linker - catenins; cytoskeleton - actin
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macula adherens
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desmogelins - adhesion molecule
keratin (IF) - cytoskeletal |
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myasthenia gravis
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muscle weakness caused by antibodies against ACH receptors; may see eyelid drooping first
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malignant hypothermia; what blocks it
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very rare, Ca released from sarcoplasmic reticulum under anesthesia causing heating up and damage that can lead to death; blocked by dantrolene
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paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
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acidosis, hemolysis of RBC, complement activation
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myeloproliferative disorder
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no complement inhibitors on platelets
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C-terminal CAAX motif
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isoprenylation (farnesyl, geranyl-geranyl)
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N-terminal GXXXS/T motif
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myristic acid
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N-terminal cysteine residue
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palmitic acid
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cytochalasin B
phalloidin |
affect actin polymerization
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fimbrin, filamin, vinculin, spectrin
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actin structuring proteins organize actin filaments into cell cortex and specialized structures (microvilli)
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gelsolin, profilin, ARP2/3, formins
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regulate assembly-disassembly of actin filaments
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Tau
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MAP (microtubule associated protein) found in neuronal cells; assembly of MT
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MAP1,2
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MAP foudn in neuronal cells; promote assembly and interaction with other cytoskeletal netowks
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dyneins, kinesins
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large protein complexes with ATPase activity. responsible for movement of vesicles along MT. dynein associated with cilia and flagella
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colchicine, vinblastine, taxol
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affect MT assebly
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coiled-coils
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intermediate filaments
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filamin
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binds microfilaments together to give cell interior a gel like structure
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gelsolin
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binds to + end of microfilament
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thymosin
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binds to actin subunit prevent ATP form and so can't join into microfilament
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profilin
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binds to actin subunit, preassembles so microfilament can assemble faster
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arp2/3 complex
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made of proteins closely related to actin. form side chains off microfilaments during quick movement. associated with lamellipodia
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formin
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tails on molecule bind to profilin bound subunits. inreases effective concentration of ATP active subunits to plus end of microfilament
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stress fibers
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microfilaments
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myosin I
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in microvilli which don't move. bring vesicles
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sterocilia
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special microvilli; in male repoductive system (absorption) and in auditory system (mechanical sensors)
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gamma tubulin
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in centrosome, why mictotubules don't depolymerize
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primary cilia
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9+0 doublets (no doublet in middle like cilia)
no dynein arms not involved in movement; involved in signal transudction and sensing the nevironment; every cell has one |
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vincristin, vinblastin (vinca alkaloids)
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in MT, bind to alpha- beta subunits so that heterodimers can not add
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taxol
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bind to beta subunit so that GTP can not be hydrolyzed
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disease associated with neurofilaments
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ALS
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zonula occludens composed of
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occludins, claudins, JAMS
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zonula adherens composed of
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cadherins, catenins, actin filaments
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macula adherens composed of
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desmosomal cadherins (desmoglein gene products and desmocollin gene products)
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pemphigus vulgaris
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autoimmune against desmoglein; defective cell-cell adhesion within epidermis and mucus membranes
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hemidesmosomes attach to ____ via ____
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basal lamina
integrins |
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collagen associated with hemodesmosomes
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type 17
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specialized epithelium
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neuroepithelium (olfactory epi, organ of corti)
pigmented epithelium in the eye epi of seminiferous tubules of the testes |
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transitional epithelium
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urinary system
barrier and distensibility |
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stratified cuboidal and columnar
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sweat gland ducts
barrier, secretion, absorption |
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stratified squamous epithelium
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cornea of the eye, vagina, oral cavity, anal canal, epidermis, epiglottis, esophagus
outer layer of cells squamous; barrier and protection; some may be keratinized |
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pseudostratified columnar epithelium
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respiratory tract, male reproductive tract, nasal canal, cornea
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simple columnar epithelium
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intestines, stomach, gall bladder, female reproductive system, uterus, larger ducts, proximal and distal convoluted tubules of kidney, small bronchi of the lung
one layer thick, tall cells absorption and secretion |
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simple cuboidal epithelium
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exocrine glands, kidney tubules, ovary, thyroid follicles, lens
barrier, secretion, absorption |
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simple squamous epithelium
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blood vessels, covering of organs (mesothelium), parietal layer of Bowman's capsule, pulmonary alveoli, loop of Henle, lymphatic vessels
barrier, vascular tone, coagulation, gas exchange |
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hypoxic response
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heterodimer alpha and beta
beta around all the time alpha around in low oxygen alpha tagged by ubiquitin proteasome pathway in high ocygen |
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p53
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trascription factor for p21 - cell cycle arrest
p53 codes for transcription factor for mdm2 protein mdm2 tags p53 for degradation by Ubiquitin proteasome pathway |
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how HPV subverts p53
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has own MDM2 like protein that inhibits p53
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fibronectin
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disulfide bonds between proteins of dimer
amorphous in ECM form fibrils in ECM soluble in blood remodeling/wound healing condensing mesenchyme |
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laminin
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cross like structure
in basal lamina |
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tenascin
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armed structure
cell-matrix attachment |
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type IV collagen
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not considered a fibrillar collagen because of kinked structure
assembles into meshwork; in all basal lamina |
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type I collagen
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fibrils->fibers
hallmakr is striped apperance can align as meshwork or very regularly triple helix skin, tendon, bone osteogenesis imperfecta |
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type II collagen
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cartilage, vitreous humor of the eye
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type III collagen
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reticulocytes; thin fibers very strong; interior of lymph nodes/spleen`
ehlers-danlos IV disorder |
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scurvy
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decreased hydroxyproline
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decreased hydroxylysine
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ehlers-danlos VI
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marfan's syndrome
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mutations in fibrillin
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integrin binding motif
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RGD
arginine, glycine, aspartic acid |
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what kind of tissue is the umbilical chord
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mucous connective tisssue
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endoneurium, peri, epi. loose or dense connective tissues?
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endo - loose
peri, epi - dense |
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BiP
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chaperone binding protein that works in the lumen of the ER
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N linked glycosylation
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happens in lumen of ER, contranslational addition of sugars to asparagines
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osmium stains for
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cis golgi
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acid phosphatase stains for
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trans golgi
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o - linked glycosylations
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found in both golgi and cytoplasm
modifying serine and threonine |
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perichondrium tissue and collagen type
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dense irregular
type I collagen |
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type of collagen in fibrocartilage
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II, I
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what cartilage doesn't have a perichondrium
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fibrocartilage
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what resides in the endosteum
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osteoblasts
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what does compact bone have that spongy bone doesn't have
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haversion system - osteon
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howship's lacunae
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area carved out by osteoclasts
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what is on the surface of osteoclasts
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microvilli
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transferrin degradation
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iron binds to transferrin which binds to receptor. receptor mediated endocytosis. acidic pH does NOT make transferrin disccoiate from receptor so receptor and ligand degraded together; iron comes off and recylced
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specificity of adaptin
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4 amino acid sequences
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tay sachs disease
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missing hexoaminidase A
accumulation of gangliosides affects cells that don't divide, like nervous system |
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gaucher's disease
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affects primarily macrophages
lysosomal storage disease |
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chloroquine
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anti malarial drug
neutralize pH of lysosomes |
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peroxisomes
function and enzymes |
break down alcohol
cholesterol synthesis catalase urate oxidase break down long chain fatty acids that can become toxic |
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reproduction of peroxisomes
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fission
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target sequences for peroxisome
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3 AA at C terminal
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Zellweger disease
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mutation in C terminal 3 AA signal sequence receptor
no peroxisomes formed death. neurotoxic long fatty acids |
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adaptin is disassembled by
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HSP70
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apoptosis involved with which organelle
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mitochondria
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spherical mitochondria appear in which type of cells
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steroid producing cells
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rotenone/cyanide
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poisons ETC
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