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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How long is the Duodenum? |
~1ft |
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How long is the Jejunum |
~8ft |
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Ho long is the Ileum? |
~12ft |
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What does "Retroperitoneal" mean, and to what does it apply? |
Outside of the Mesothelial bag (Peritoneal) :: Duodenum |
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What sections of the Small Intestine reside within the Peritoneal? |
Jejunum & Ileum |
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What is the name of the cells which comprise the EPITHELIUM of the GUT? |
ENTEROCYTES |
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Describe ENTEROCYTES
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Simple Columnar Epithelium of the Gut |
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What are the 6 SURFACE-AREA MODIFICATIONS of the gut? |
1. Glycocalyx
2. Microvilli 3. Villi 4. Crypts of Lieberkuhn 5. Plicae Circularis 6. Length of Tube |
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How many MICROVILLI are there per cell? |
~600 |
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Describe the GLYCOCALYX |
Sugar/Protein attachments of MICROVILLIMake a MICROBIOME |
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Describe VILLI of the Gut |
EVAGINATION of Intestine Wall (Including LAMINA PROPRIA)
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Describe the CRYPTS of LIEBERKUHN |
INVAGINATIONS into the wall of Intestine |
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Describe the PLICAE CIRCULARIS of the Gut |
CIRCULAR FOLDS in Distal Duodenum/Proximal Jejunum w/Core of SUBMUCOSA |
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What is the TOTAL LENGTH of the GUT? |
~21ft |
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What are the SIX types of CELLS in the EPITHELIUM of the GUT? |
1. M-CELLS 2. Goblet Cells 3. Paneth Cells 4. Enteroendocrine Cells 5. Undifferentiated Cells 6. Differentiated Cells |
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Where are M-CELLS found? |
ABOVE PEYER'S PATCHERS (Ileum) |
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Describe the GENERAL STRUCTURE of M-CELLS and their full name |
NO Microvilli FOLDS INSTEAD MICROFOLD CELLS |
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What is the FUNCTION of M-CELLS? |
TRANSCYTOSIS: carry antigens to lumen & present them to T-CELLS ie. Alerts Immune System |
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What is the FUNCTION of GOBLET CELLS and how are they DISPERSED throughout the gut? |
SECRETE MUCOUS Increase further down the gut. |
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Where are PANETH CELLS found? |
BOTTOM of CRYPTS OF LIEBERKUHN |
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Describe the STRUCTURE & FUNCTION of PANETH CELLS |
ACIDOPHILIC GRANULES Release PEPTIDASE/DEFENSINS -PROTECT ADJACENT CELLS |
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Where are ENTEROENDOCRINE CELLS (APUD) found? |
DUODENUM/APPENDIX/ILEUM |
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What two hormones do APUD (ENTEROENDOCRINE CELLS) release? |
SECRETIN CHOLECYSTOKINEN (CCK) |
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What is the FUNCTION of SECRETIN? |
Increase PANCREATIC DUMPING (BICARB) -Increase BASICITY of INTESTINE |
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What is the FUNCTION of CHOLECYSTOKINEN (CCK)? |
Increase PANCREATIC SECRETIONS (BICARB) & GALL BLADDER Motility (Squirt Bile) |
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Describe UNDIFFERENTIATED CELLS of the Gut Mucosa |
Becoming ENTEROCYTES |
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Describe DIFFERENTIATED CELLS of the Gut Mucosa |
do ABSORBING |
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Describe CELIAC DISEASE |
FLATTENING of VILLI from Gluten Causes drop in Digestive Ability |
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What is a LACTEAL? |
LYMPHATIC capitallary in the VILLI ABSORBS FATS |
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What are the TWO FUNCTIONS of the SMALL INTESTINE? |
ABSORPTION of: FATS AMINO ACIDS MONOSACCHS |
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How are FATS absorbed by the Small Intestine? |
ENTEROCYTES -> Smooth muscle contracts -> drawing fats into VILLI LACTEAL |
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How are AMINO ACIDS & MONOSACCHS ABSORBED in the SMALL INTESTINE? |
Released into Vasculature -> Mesenteric Vein -> Portal Vein -> LIVER |
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What is the purpose of PANCREATIC BICARB? |
Increase DUODENUM BASICITY via SECRETIN |
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How do you DIFFER between the DUODENUM / JEJUNUM / ILEUM |
ALL w/VILLI & GOBLET CELLS Duodenum: BRUNNER'S GLANDS in SUBMUCOSA Jejunum: "Normal" Ileum: PEYER'S PATCHES |
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How long is the LARGE INTESTINE (COLON)? |
5-6ft |
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Define TAENIA COLI |
BANDS of SMOOTH MUSCLE outside of MUSCULARIS EXTERNA |
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Define the HAUSTRAE and it's function |
PUCKERING caused by TAENIA COLI Allows TOSSING between Puckerings |
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Describe the EPITHELIUM of the COLON |
SIMPLE COLUMNAR
NO VILLI SIMPLE TUBULAR GLANDS (INvaginations) |
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Describe DiverticulOSIS |
POCKET formed outside near last ft of colon (Sideroad) |
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Describe DivertiulITIS |
INFLAMMATION of sideroad pocket (diverticulae) |
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What is the FUNCTION of the COLON? |
ABSORB H20 Produce MUCOUS (easy poopin) |
