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140 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Several nuclei
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skeletal muscle & osteoclasts
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No nuclei
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mammalian erythrocytes (RBCs)
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Spindle shaped nuclei
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smooth muscle
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Kidney-shaped nuclei
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monocytes
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Multi-lobulated nuclei
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neutrophil leucocytes
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Heterochromatin (HC)
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relatively inactive cells
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Euchromatin (EC)
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abundant in active cells
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Barr Body (sex chromatin)
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neutrophils (a type of WBC) in females
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Nucleolus
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prominent in cells that are actively synthesizing protein
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Ribosomes
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all cells except mature mammalian erythrocytes
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Smooth ER
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abundant in cells involved in lipid metabolism (steroid synthesis)
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Lipofuscin
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prominent in older nerve cells, also found in cardiac muscle and hepatocytes (liver cells)
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Peroxisomes
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abundant in hepatocytes & cells of the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney
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Microtubules
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centriole, cilia, flagellum
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Intermediate filaments –
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most cells; abundant in cells subject to mechanical stress
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Desmin filaments
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Intermediate filaments in muscle cells
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Neurofilaments
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Intermediate filaments in nerve cells
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Glial filaments
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Intermediate filaments in astrocytes and neurolemmocytes (Schwann cells)
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Keratin filaments
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Intermediate filaments in keratinized epithelium, desmosomes
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Glycogen
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Cytoplasmic Inclusions in liver and muscle – demonstated by PAS rxn
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Lipid
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Cytoplasmic Inclusions in adipose cells – demonstrated by osmic acid fixation
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Melanin
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Cytoplasmic Inclusions in skin and pigment epithelium of retina
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Hemosiderin
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Cytoplasmic Inclusions in result of hemoglobin degradation
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Lipofuscin
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Cytoplasmic Inclusions in cardiac muscle, hepatocytes, and nerve cells
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Zonula adherens
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prominent in the lining cells of the intestine
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Communicating (gap) junction
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mainly present in cardiac muscle
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Cilia
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respiratory system, reproductive system
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Flagellum
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single cilia on spermatozoon
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Microvilli –
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small intestine
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Sterocilia
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hair cells of the spiral organ (corti) of the inner ear
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Epithelium
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external and internal surfaces of the body; rests on the basement membrane
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Simple squamous epithelium
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lining of the blood vessels, pleural & peritoneal cavities, pulmonary alveoli, glomerular capsule, and mesothelium (body membranes)
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Simple cuboidal epithelium
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thyroid gland, collecting ducts of the kidney
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Simple columnar epithelium
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stomach, intestine, gall bladder
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Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
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trachea, bronchi (ciliated form)
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Stratified squamous epithelium
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esophagus
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Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
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skin
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Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
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cornea
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Stratified cuboidal epithelium
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lining the excretory ducts of glands
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Stratified columnar epithelium
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parotid and mandibular gland ducts
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Transitional Epithelium
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urinary bladder and urethra
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Simple straight tubular gland
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large intestine
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Simple coiled tubular gland
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sweat gland
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Simple branched tubular gland
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stomach
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Simple alveolar(acinar) gland
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sebaceous gland
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Simple branched acinar(alveolar) gland
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large sebaceous gland
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Simple tubule-acinar(alveolus) gland
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minor salivary gland of oral cavity
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Compound alveolar(acinar) gland
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parotid gland
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Compound tubule-alveolar gland
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pancreas
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Intralobular duct system
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striated in salivary gland & intercalated ducts of pancreas
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Serous glands
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parotid salivary gland
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Mucous glands
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esophagus
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Seromucous or mixed glands (& serous demilunes)
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mandibular salivary gland
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Apocrine secretion
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sweat and mammary glands
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Holocrine secretion
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sebaceous glands
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Cytocrine secretion
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transfer of melanin pigment from melanocytes into keratinocytes
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Myoepithelial cells
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interposed between secretory cells and basement membrance
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Mesenchymal cells, fibroblasts, reticular cells, adipocytes, pericytes, mast cells, plasma cells, macrophages, pigment cells
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all found in connective tissue
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Proteoglycans, glycoaminoglycans, interstitial fluid
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all found in amorphous ground substance
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Mesenchymal cells
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mainly present in embryonic forms, found adjacent to blood vessels; can differentiate into any other type of CT cell
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Myofibroblast
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mainly present in muscle
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Multilocular adipocytes (brown fat)
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predominantly in newborns
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Pericytes
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found adjacent to capillaries
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Mast cells
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common in loose CT, abundant around blood vessels
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Plasma cells
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abundant in lymphatic tissue and lamina propria of the GIT
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Pigment cells
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dermis, uterine caruncles, choroid, iris
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Collagen fibers
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tendon, ligament, organ capsule; most abundant in mature CT
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Reticular fibers
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networks around capillaries, muscle fibers, and nerves; form the framework of liver, endocrine, and lymphatic organs
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Elastic fibers
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aorta, muscular arteries, nuchal ligament, pinna of ear, lungs
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Hyaluronic acid
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Glycoaminoglycans (GAGS) in vitreous body of eye and in synovial fluid
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Chondroitin sulphate
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Glycoaminoglycans (GAGS) in cartilage, bone, and large blood vessels
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Dermatin sulphate
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Glycoaminoglycans (GAGS) in tendons and ligaments
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Keratin sulphate
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Glycoaminoglycans (GAGS) in cartilage and bones
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Heparin sulphate
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Glycoaminoglycans (GAGS) in arteries and lungs
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Mesenchymal CT
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(Embryonic CT) embryos; blood vessels
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Mucous or gelatinous CT
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(Embryonic CT) umbilical cord in the embryo, papillae of omasal laminae and reticular fold, bovine glans penis
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Loose or areolar CT
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(Adult CT) beneath the epithelium (lamina propria, hypodermis), around blood vessels and nerves, and in serous membranes
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Dense irregular CT
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(Adult CT) in capsules of the organs, deep layer of the dermis
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Dense regular CT
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(Adult CT) in tendons, ligaments, and aponeurosis
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Elastic tissue
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(Adult CT) nuchal ligament, vocal ligament
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Reticular tissue
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(Adult CT) spleen, lymph node, liver
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Adipose tissue
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(Adult CT) around blood vessels and nerves (within loose CT of mesenteries)
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Chondroblast
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found in growing cartilage
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Chondrocyte
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found in resting cartilage
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Chondroblast & Chondrocyte
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Perichondrium
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Hyaline Cartilage
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articular surfaces of bone, nose, trachea
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Elastic Cartilage
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pinna, epiglottis
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Fibrocartilage
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intervertebral discs and menisci
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Osteoblast
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active bone cells
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Osteocyte
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mature/resting bone cells
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Osteoclast
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phagocytic bone eating cells
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Periosteum
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lines bones, absent from articular surfaces & where tendons or ligaments insert on the bone
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Sharpey’s fibers
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periosteum
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Endosteum
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lines the marrow cavity
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Compact bone
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outer shells of diaphysis and epiphyses
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Spongy (cancellous) bone
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interior of the epiphysis
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Intramembranous ossification
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skull bones except base of skull
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Intracartilaginous ossification
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appendicular skeleton, vertebral column, bones at base of skull
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Skeletal muscle
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muscles attached to bones of the skeleton
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Cardiac muscle
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muscles of the walls of the heart
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Smooth muscle
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walls of most viscera: wall of the GIT, uterus, urinary bladder, etc
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Myocytes
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muscle fibers
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Endomysium
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surrounds skeletal muscle fibers
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Perimysium
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surrounds bundles of skeletal muscle fibers (fasicicles)
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Epimysium
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surrounds skeletal muscle at the gross anatomical level
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Satellite cells
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located adjacent to myocytes in skeletal muscle
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Red & White muscle fibers
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skeletal muscle
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Thick & Thin filaments
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skeletal muscle
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Intermediate filaments
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smooth muscle
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Intercalated disc
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present at the junction of adjacent cells in cardiac muscle
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Purkinje fibers
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cardiac muscle
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No regenerative capacity
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cardiac muscle
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Limited regenerative capacity
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skeletal muscle
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Capable of active regeneration by mitosis
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smooth muscle
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Multipolar neurons
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brain, spinal cord, autonomic ganglia
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Bipolar neurons
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retina, inner ear
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Unipolar neurons
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sensory ganglia (dorsal root ganglia)
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Barr body
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in the vicinity of the nucleolus in cats and rodents
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Nissl substance
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cytoplasm of the nerve cell body (perikaryon); NOT found in the axon
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Derived from neural ectoderm
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astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells
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Derived from mesoderm
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microglial cells
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Derived from neural crest
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neurolemmocytes
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Neurolemmocytes
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peripheral nervous system (the only gliocytes present around the nerves!)
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Fibrous astrocytes
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white matter of the CNS
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Protoplasmic astrocytes
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grey matter of the CNS
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Myelin production in the CNS
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oligodendrocytes
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Myelin production in the PNS
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neurolemmocytes
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Ependymal cells
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line the ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord
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Sensory ganglia
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associated w/ cranial nerves or dorsal root of the spinal nerve
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Exteroreceptors
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body surface
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Enteroreceptors
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viscera
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Proprioceptors
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musculoskeletal structures
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Nonencapsulated receptors
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free nerve endings, tactile corpuscles
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Nerve cells bodies
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grey matter of the spinal cord, ganglia
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Efferent neurons
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ventral grey matter (horn)
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Interneurons
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dorsal grey matter (horn)
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Sympathetic neurons
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lateral grey matter (horn) (intermediate horn)
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Cerebrospinal fluid
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subarachnoid space
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Grey matter inside/White matter outside
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spinal cord and medulla
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White matter inside/Grey matter outside
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all of brain except spinal cord and medulla
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