Histo/embryo Pharyngeal Development

Front 1

what is the lining?
Celft
Pouch

Back 1

Cleft: ectoderm
Pouch: endoderm

Front 2

what is the somatoderum? what surrounds it?

Back 2

mouth
maxillary/mandibular process of Arch 1

Front 3

Arch 1a (Maxillary)
Bone:
Skin:
Mucosa:
Sk mm:
CN:

Back 3

Bone: premaxilla, maxilla, some zygomatic
Skin: top lip to lower eye
Mucosa: nasal cavity (SA)
Sk mm: none
CN: Maxillary

Front 4

Arch 1b (mandibular)
Bone:
Skin:
Mucosa:
Sk mm:
CN:

Back 4

Bone:
meckels cart: mallus, incus
mesehchyme: mandible, part of temporal bone
Skin: mandible, ant ear, wide at temple
Mucosa: SA, anterior 2/3 of tongue
Sk mm: MM of mastication, mylohyoid, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini, ant belly of digastric
CN: V3 maxillary

Front 5

Arch 2
Bone:
Skin:
Mucosa:
Sk mm:
CN:

Back 5

Bone: Reicherts Cartilage- stapes, styloid, hyoid (lesser horn & superior 1/2 of body)
Skin: SA, concha of ear
Mucosa: VA of anterior tongue
Sk mm: mm of facial expression, post belly of digastric, stylohyoid, stapedious
CN:VII

Front 6

what CN is respinsible for
SA mucosa in nasal cavity? what is the SA for skin?

Back 6

V2 maxillary n
Skin: inferior eye to top lip, narrow at temple

Front 7

what is Meckels Cartilage? what arch, what does it form? what CN

Back 7

Arch 1b, mandibular
Malleus, incus
CN V3

Front 8

what is SA to anterior tongue
what is VA to anterior tongue

**what arch?

Back 8

SA: V3 (arch 1b, mandibular)
VA: VII (arch 2)

Front 9

what cn innervates mylohyoid, anterior digastric, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini? what other mm group, what arch

Back 9

CN V3
MM of mastication
Arch 1b, mandibular

Front 10

what arch makes the hyoid?

Back 10

Arch 2: Lesser horn, superior 1/3 body

Arch 3: greater horn, inferior 1/2 of body

Front 11

what arches give innervation to digastric

Back 11

Anterior Digastric: arch 1b, mandibular, CN V3

Post Digastric: arch 2, CNVII

Front 12

what arches make the ear bones?

Back 12

Arch 1b mandibular: meckels- malleus, incus (CNV3)

Arch 2: Reicherts- stapes (CNVII)

Front 13

Arch 3
Bone:
Skin:
Mucosa:
Sk mm:
CN:

Back 13

Bone: Hyoid- greater horn, inferior 1/2 of body
Skin: SA, none
Mucosa: SA, oropharynx, post tongue
Mocosa: VA, post 1/3 tongue
Sk mm: stylopharyngeus
CN: IX, glossopharyngeal

Front 14

post tongue
SA
VA

**arch

Back 14

BOTH by CN IX, glossopharyngeal, arch 3

Front 15

what CN/arch does SA to oropharynx? what else does it do?

Back 15

CN IX, glossopharyngeal

SA/VA to post tongue
SE: to stylopharyngeus

Front 16

Arch IV
Bone:
Skin:
Mucosa:
Sk mm:
CN:

Back 16

Bone: upper thyroid cart (corniculate, cuniform-arytnoid is 6), part of laryngeal cart
Skin: SA, none
Mucosa: SA, upper 1/2 laryngopharynx, supraglottic
Mucosa: VA, taste buds, epiglottis
Sk mm: cricothyroid, pharyngeal constrictors, salpingopharyngeous, palatopharyngeus, palatoglosseus, levator veli palatini
CN: Superior laryngeal N, pharyngeal branch of CN X

Front 17

what is theSA of laryngopharynx? arches

Back 17

Superior (supraglottic): Superior Laryngeal N, pharyngeal Branch of CN X (arch 4)

Inferior: recurrent laryngeal branch of CN X (arch 6)

Front 18

what is the SE of CN X, superior laryngeal n, pharyngeal branch? arch

Back 18

Cricothyroid
pharyngeal constrictors
salpingopharyngeus
palatopharyngeus
palatoglossus
levator veli palatini

Arch IV (4)

Front 19

Arch VI (6)
Bone:
Skin:
Mucosa:
Sk mm:
CN:

Back 19

Bone: lower thyroid cartilage, part of laryngeal
Skin: none
Mucosa: SA, lower 1/2 of laryngopharynx
Sk mm: All intrinsic laryngeal except cricothyroid, (cricothyroid is superior laryngeal, pharyngeal branch)
CN: recurrent laryngeal branch of CN X

Front 20

what innervates intrinsic laryngeal mm, arch? exceptions

Back 20

Most: Recurrent Laryngeal of CN X from Arch 6

EXCEPT...
Cricothyroid, External Branch of superior laryngeal, pharyngeal branch of CN X from arch 4

Front 21

name the adult derivative

1. Ectoderm
2. Neural Tube
3. Neural Crest (7) (Grand SCAM)

Back 21

1. ectoderm, epidermis
2. neural tube, spinal cord
3. Neural Crest: ganglia (post root, para, sympa), schwann cells, medulla, melanocytes, conotruncal septum,

Front 22

Mesenchyme Below the Neck

2 major types

Back 22

1. paraxial: somites -scleratome (vert), myotome (SK mm), dermatime (epidermis)
2. Lateral plate:
- parietal: bones cart CT
-Visceral SM

Front 23

so in the head ectoderm gives rise to epidermis as usual but what else?

Back 23

Placodes

Lens: lens
Otic: inner ear
Nasal: part of nose and hard palate
Epibranchial: NC invades and forms SENSORY GANG

Front 24

what are placodes

Back 24

thickenings of ectoderm,

Lens: lens
Otic: inner ear
Nasal: parts of nose and hard palate
Epibranchial: NC invades and SENSORY ganglia are made

Front 25

how are sensory ganglia formes

Back 25

well from neural crest of course bc all ganglia are from neural crest

*epibranchial plaquodes (thickiening of ectoderm) are invaded by NC and sensory gang are made

Front 26

what does Neural Tube (NT) make in the head, neck

Back 26

head: brain and retina
Neck: spinal cord

Front 27

so we know the 7 thngs made of NC BELOW the head are a "Grand SCAM" what about NC ABOVE the neck

Gang (sensory, para, sympa), schwann, adrenal medulla, melanocytes, conotruncal septum

Back 27

1. leptomeninges (pia/arach)
2. Ganglia (NO sympa, sensort are epibranchial plaquodes, para are COPS 3977
3. Dermis
4. Bones (frontal, sphenoid, squam temp)
5. PARATHYROID C CELLS, CALCITONIN
6. Odontoblasts, DENTIN

Front 28

bone origin

Front of head
Back of Head
Thyroid/Laryngeal Cart

Back 28

Front (NC): frontal, sphenoid, squam part of temporal

Back (Paraxial): Occipital, parietal, post part of temporal

Laryngeal/Thyroid Cart: lateral plate mesoderm

Front 29

arch
cleft
pouch

Back 29

arch: raised tissie (1-VI, no V)
Cleft: external, ectoderm lined
Pouch: internal: endoderm lined

Front 30

when do pharyngeal arched appear, when do they differentiate

Back 30

Appear: 4-5
Differentiate: 6

Front 31

arches intro
when do they appear, when do they begin to do cool things
Core
External Surface
Internal Surface

Back 31

appear week 4-5
differentiate week 6
Core: mesenchyme
External: ectoderm
Internal: endoderm

Front 32

what happens are arches migrate to their adult location

Back 32

bring INNERVATION and BLOOD

Front 33

what innervated stylopharyngeous? why is this cool, what arch

Back 33

CN 9 (hypoglossus)

its the ONLY mm innervated by CN 9

Arch 3

Front 34

what innervates supraglottic mucosa?
what innervated infraglottic mucosa

Back 34

Supra: Internal Superior Laryngeal branch of X

Infra: Recurrent Laryngeal branch of X

Front 35

what innervates these tastebuds
1. ant tongue
2. post tongue
3. on the epiglottis

**what functional component

Back 35

VA
ant: 7
post 9
eppiglottis: superior larngeal

Front 36

what are the pharyngeal mm, what is their innervation?

(PPPLS)

Back 36

1. pharyngeal constricotrs
3. palatopharyngous
4. palatoglossus
2. salpingopharyngous
5. levator veli palatini
pharyngeal Branch
*crocothyroid, is external branch of superiro laryngeal

Front 37

Lets talk Vegus
what are its branches and their SE innervation

Pharyngeal:

External branch of Superior Laryngeal:

Recurrent Laryngeal:

Back 37

Pharyngeal: Pharyngeal mm (PPPLS-pharyngeal constrictors, palatoglossus, palatopharyngeous, levator veli palatini, salpingopharyngous)

External branch of Superior Laryngeal: Cricothyroid (only intrinsic laryngeal)

Recurrent Laryngeal: intrinsic laryngeal mm (post/lateral cricoaryytnoid, tranverse/oblique arytnoid, thyroarytnoid, vocalis)

Front 38

what arch gives arytenoid and cricoid cart

Back 38

6

*lower thyroid, part of laryngeal

Front 39

how many clefts are there? how many give rise to adult structures

how many pouches are there,

Back 39

Cleft: 4 but only 1 gives adult structure (EAM, External surface of tympanic membrance) (2-4 make cervical sinus that goes away)


Pouch: initially 5 pairs but 5 fuses with 4 to give 4 pouch derivatives

Front 40

what are the the 2 adult derivatives of hte first groove (cleft)

Back 40

EAM
external surface of tympanic membrane

Front 41

where does the auricle come from

Back 41

auricular hillock from arch I and II

there are 3 hillocks htat swirl around to form the ear

Front 42

what is the histo of hte auricle?
skeleton?
skin?

Back 42

elastic cart
thin skin, keratinized, hair, seawt/sebaceous glands

Front 43

what part of the ear is elastic cart?

Back 43

auricle and EAM

Front 44

what arch grows over the clefts 4-4 what is formed

Back 44

arch 2 overgrowth

*forms cervical sinus, that goes away

Front 45

where are lateral cervical cysts
where are external brancial fistulas

Back 45

ant to SCM

**so an external fistula will drain ant to SCM

Front 46

what is a lateral cervical cyts
what about a branchial fistula

Back 46

cervical cyst that didnt go away
fistula is a cycst that didnt close and leaks

Front 47

where does an internal branchial fistula drain

Back 47

tonsiler bed in oropharynx

Front 48

what pouch gives rise to...
tubotympanic recess

Back 48

tubotympanic recess: 1

Front 49

what 4 thigns are part of 1st pouch

Back 49

1. auditory tube
2. middle ear cavity
3. internal sirface of typmanic membrane
4. mastoid antrum

**tubotympanic recess

Front 50

the tympanic membrane id a fusion of what? epithelium?

Back 50

groove 1 (external): strat squam
Pouch 1 (internal): simple cuboidal

Front 51

what lines the auditory tube (pharyngotympanic)

Back 51

respiratory epithelium

*pseudostrat squam, goblet, cilia

Front 52

what part of pharyngotympanic tube is bone, cart?

Back 52

Bone: middle ear
Cart: pharynx (cart is called torus tubarious)

Front 53

what is the histo of auditory tube

Back 53

lined by pseudostrat squamous, goblet, cilia

**bone (middle ear) and cart (pharynx part)

Front 54

what makes up the palatine tonsils

Back 54

pouch 2

Front 55

whats the third pharyngeal pouch make

Back 55

thymus and inferior parathyroid glands

Front 56

why does the origin of the parathyroid glands make sense

Back 56

3: inferior
4: superiro

**originallt 3 is superior to 4 but 3 also makes the thymus which is drug down, the INF parathyroid is drug with it

Front 57

where does the thymus originate, where does it end up. what is the embroy derivative

Back 57

arch 3,

begins superior, then travels inferior

Front 58

what do pouches 4/5 combine to form

Back 58

1. superior parathyroid
2. ultimobrachial body
3. parafollicular cells

Front 59

what do parafollicular cells do? where do they come from

Back 59

they are in the thyroid (clear cells) and secrete calcitonin

they are derived from pouch 4/5

Front 60

what is teh dorsal and ventral break down of pouch 3/4

Back 60

1. dorsal has parathyroid (sup) and parafollicular cells

2. ultimobranchial body, migrates downward

Front 61

Pouch 1
2
3
45

Back 61

1: Middle ear, internal tympanic mambrane, mastoid antrum, auditory tube

2. palatine tonnsil

3. inf parathyroid, thymus

4/5 sup parathyroid, parafollicular, ultimobranchial body

Front 62

where do tongue mm come from

what is the SE innervation

Back 62

occipital somites (myotome)

CN XII ( except palatoglossus, X pharyngreal br)

Front 63

what are the contrubutions of the tongue
arch
1-4

Back 63

1. SA, surface of ant tongue
2. VA: mainly degenerates but leaves some taste buds (CN VII)
3. post part of tongue (CN 9) SA/VA

4. superior latyngeal orafice, CN X superior laryngeal

Front 64

name the 3 parts of the tongue

Back 64

body (arch I and II for taste)
Root (arch 3)
Epiglottis (arch 4)

Front 65

what is teh thyroid developed from?

Back 65

NOT an arch/pouch

Front 66

what isnt made from an arch or pouch

Back 66

thyroid

the follicular cells of the thyroid form from a spot of epithelium on foramen cecum that divides nad evaginate to form a tube to the thyroid

Front 67

what is cool about the foramen cecum

Back 67

the tongue forms as an out growth of this