Histo/embryo Midterm Locations

Front 1

intraembryonic somatopleure forms

Back 1

lateral and ventral body walls

Front 2

amnion & chorion develop from ______

Back 2

extra-embryonic somatopleure

Front 3

intraembryonic splanchnopleure forms

Back 3

gut

Front 4

yolk sac & allantois develop from _______

Back 4

extra-embryonic splanchnopleure

Front 5

umbilical vessels

Back 5

develop in the allantois

Front 6

allantoic calculi

Back 6

hippomanes in mare

Front 7

superficial/central implantation

Back 7

ruminants, equines, porcines

Front 8

eccentric implantation

Back 8

rat and squirrel

Front 9

interstitial implantation

Back 9

guinea pig, carnivores, bats, humans

Front 10

histotropic nutrition

Back 10

from secretion of uterine glands

Front 11

hemotropic nutrition

Back 11

from maternal circulation

Front 12

beginning of implantation in a sow

Back 12

13-14 days

Front 13

beginning of implantation in a bitch

Back 13

17-18 days

Front 14

beginning of implantation in a queen

Back 14

13-14 days

Front 15

beginning of implantation in a ewe

Back 15

15-20 days

Front 16

beginning of implantation in a cow

Back 16

25-30 days

Front 17

beginning of implantation in a mare

Back 17

35-40 days

Front 18

hormones synthesized by placenta

Back 18

estrogen, progesterone, and gonadotrophins

Front 19

choriovitelline or yolk sac placentation

Back 19

horse & dog in the first quarter of gestation (later the you sac regresses); well developed in birds

Front 20

chorioallantoic placentation

Back 20

ruminant, pig, carnivores, equine

Front 21

diffuse placental shape

Back 21

mare & sow

Front 22

cotyledonary placental shape

Back 22

ruminants

Front 23

zonary placental shape

Back 23

carnivores

Front 24

discoidal placental shape

Back 24

primates, rodents, bats

Front 25

villous branching of chorionic villi

Back 25

sow, mare, ruminants

Front 26

labyrinthine branching of chorionic villi

Back 26

carnivores & primates

Front 27

deciduate loss of maternal tissues at parturition

Back 27

carnivores & primates

Front 28

nondeciduate loss of maternal tissues at parturition

Back 28

sow, mare, ruminants

Front 29

6 layers which separate fetal blood from maternal blood

Back 29

chorionic (villous) epithelium, fetal connective tissue, endothelium of allantoic blood vessels, uterine epithelium, uterine connective tissue, and endothelium of the blood vessels of uterus

Front 30

3 layers which separate fetal blood from maternal blood on the fetal side

Back 30

chorionic (villous) epithelium, fetal connective tissue, and endothelium of allantoic blood vessels

Front 31

3 layers which separate fetal blood from maternal blood on the maternal side

Back 31

uterine epithelium, uterine connective tissue, and endothelium of the blood vessels of uterus

Front 32

epitheliochorial placental classification

Back 32

sow & mare

Front 33

syndesmochorial placental classification

Back 33

ruminants

Front 34

endotheliochorial placental classification

Back 34

carnivores

Front 35

hemochorial placental classification

Back 35

primates

Front 36

diffuse, villous, nondeciduate, and epitheliochorial placental classification

Back 36

sow, mare

Front 37

cotyledonary, villous, nondeciduate, and syndesmochorial placental classification

Back 37

cow, sheep, goat

Front 38

zonary, labyrinthine, deciduate, and endotheliochorial placental classification

Back 38

dog, cat

Front 39

blood islands

Back 39

aggregates of splanchnic mesodermal cells

Front 40

vascular endothelium

Back 40

lining formed when peripheral cells of the blood islands are joined together

Front 41

hemocytoblast

Back 41

central cells of the blood islands

Front 42

cardiogenic plates

Back 42

develop from splanchnic mesoderm adjacent to the pericardial cavity

Front 43

cardiac tube

Back 43

formed from the unity of several vesicles which developed in the cardiogenic plates

Front 44

septum transversus (future diaphragm)

Back 44

formed from the mesoderm caudal to the cardiac tube

Front 45

dorsal mesocardium

Back 45

a fold of mesodermal tissues in pericardial cavity

Front 46

transverse pericardial sinus

Back 46

connects both sides of the pericardial cavity (after the dorsal mescardium disappears)

Front 47

5 parts of the cardiac tube

Back 47

truncus arteriosus, bulbus, ventricle, atrium, and sinus horn

Front 48

truncus arteriosus

Back 48

cranial end of cardiac tube

Front 49

sinus horn

Back 49

caudal end of cardiac tube

Front 50

cardiac tube differentiates into

Back 50

endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium

Front 51

dorsal and ventral atrioventricular cushions

Back 51

endocardial cushions that develop at the common atrioventricular canal

Front 52

septum intermedium

Back 52

fusion of dorsal and ventral atrioventricular cushions, creates right and left atrioventricular orifices

Front 53

septum primum

Back 53

a sickel-shaped membrane growing down from middorsal wall of the atrium

Front 54

foramen primum

Back 54

diminishing gap between the septum primum and the septum intermedium

Front 55

foramen secundum

Back 55

a single office formed by tiny perforations that developed in the foramen primum

Front 56

septum secundum

Back 56

forms to the right of the septum primum

Front 57

foramen ovale

Back 57

a window (incomplete formation) within the septum secundum

Front 58

sinus venerum

Back 58

region where the right horn of the sinus venosus becomes completely incorporated and opens into the right atrium where the cranial/caudal vena cava opens

Front 59

auricles

Back 59

the original embryonic atria, characterized by the development of pectinate muscles

Front 60

aorticopulmonary or spiral septum

Back 60

partitioning of truncus arteriosus and bulbous cordis into an aortic and pulmonary trunk

Front 61

modified cardiac muscle

Back 61

AV nodes, AV bundles, AV bundle branches, and purkinje fibers

Front 62

truncus arteriosus gives rise to

Back 62

aorta, pulmonary artery

Front 63

bulbus cordis gives rise to

Back 63

aorta, pulmonary artery, and conus arteriosus

Front 64

primitive ventricle gives rise to

Back 64

left and right ventricle

Front 65

primitive atrium gives rise to

Back 65

left and right atrium

Front 66

sinus venosus gives rise to

Back 66

parts of the atrium

Front 67

right horn of sinus venosus gives rise to

Back 67

sinus venerum of right atrium

Front 68

left horn of sinus venosus gives rise to

Back 68

coronary sinus of right atrium

Front 69

aorta is derived from

Back 69

truncus arteriosus & bulbus cordis

Front 70

pulmonary artery is derived from

Back 70

truncus arteriosus & bulbus cordis

Front 71

conus arteriosus is derived from

Back 71

bulbus cordis

Front 72

left ventricle is derived from

Back 72

primitive ventricle

Front 73

right ventricle is derived from

Back 73

primitive ventricle & bulbus cordis

Front 74

left atrium is derived from

Back 74

primitive atrium

Front 75

right atrium is derived from

Back 75

primitive atrium & sinus venosus

Front 76

coronary sinus is derived from

Back 76

left horn of sinus venosus

Front 77

sinus venerum of right atrium

Back 77

right horn of sinus venosus

Front 78

Pulmonary stenosis causes

Back 78

at valvular and infundibular levels, poststenotic dilation of the pulmonary trunk, right ventricular dilation and hypertrophy

Front 79

Aortic stenosis causes

Back 79

with poststenotic dilation of the aorta, left ventricular dilation and hypertrophy, left atrial dilation

Front 80

Interventricular septal defects

Back 80

primary hypertrophy of the left ventricle, secondary right ventricular dilation, hypertrophy

Front 81

interatrial septal defects caused by .. & cause ..

Back 81

Foramen secundum, Foramen oval, Dilation and hypertrophy of right ventricle, right atrium, left atrium

Front 82

tetralogy of fallot

Back 82

1. I-V septal defect,
2. Dextroaorta,
3. Pulmonary stenosis,
4. Dilation and hypertrophy of the right ventricle

Front 83

eisenmenger complex

Back 83

1. Dextroaorta,
2. I-V septal defect,
3. Dilation and hypertrophy of the right ventricle

Front 84

transposition of great vessels

Back 84

Aorta from the right ventricle & Pulmonary artery from the left ventricle
In order for the animal to stay alive, at least one shunt is needed:
a. Interatrial septal defect,
b. Ductus arteriosus,
c. I-V septal defects

Front 85

missing spiral septum during development causes

Back 85

persistant truncus arteriosus

Front 86

derivative of 1st aortic arch

Back 86

nothing

Front 87

derivative of 2nd aortic arch

Back 87

nothing

Front 88

derivative of 3rd aortic arch

Back 88

common/internal carotid artery

Front 89

derivative of 4th aortic arch

Back 89

right: right subclavian artery
left: continues as descending aorta

Front 90

derivative of 5th aortic arch

Back 90

nothing

Front 91

derivative of 6th aortic arch

Back 91

right and left pulmonary arteries

Front 92

abnormalities which occur during heart development (11)

Back 92

ectopic cordis, interventricular septal defect, interatrial septal defect, spiral septal defect, transposition of the great vessels, dextroaorta, pulmonary stenosis, aortic stenosis, tetrology of fallot, eisenmenger complex

Front 93

abnormalities which occur during circulation development (2)

Back 93

patent ductus arteriosus, persistent right aortic arch resulting in vascular ring anomalies

Front 94

tubular heart, vitelline arteries, umbilical arteries, vitelline veins, umbilical veins, cardinal veins

Back 94

early embryonic circulatory system

Front 95

left vitelline artery forms

Back 95

nothing, regresses in the adult

Front 96

right vitelline artery forms

Back 96

cranial mesenteric artery

Front 97

proximal umbilical artery forms

Back 97

external and internal iliac arteries

Front 98

distal umbilical artery forms

Back 98

the round ligament of the urinary bladder

Front 99

dorsal intersegmental arteries (of aortic branches) forms

Back 99

intercostal and lumbar arteries

Front 100

lateral aortic branches form

Back 100

urogenital arteries (renal, testicular or ovarian arteries)

Front 101

ventral aortic branches form

Back 101

visceral branches; broncho-esophageal, celiac, and caudal mesenteric arteries

Front 102

cranial cardinal vein forms

Back 102

brachiocephalic vein and cranial venacava

Front 103

Subcardinal vein forms

Back 103

caudal venacava and renal vein

Front 104

Supracardinal vein together with caudal cardinal vein forms

Back 104

azygos vein

Front 105

only right azygos vein

Back 105

horse & dog

Front 106

only left azygos vein

Back 106

pig

Front 107

both left and right azygos veins

Back 107

ruminants

Front 108

right proximal vitelline vein forms

Back 108

hepatic segment of caudal venacava

Front 109

left proximal vitelline vein forms

Back 109

nothing, atrophies in adult

Front 110

middle proximal vitelline vein forms

Back 110

hepatic sinusoids and hepatic segment of caudal vena cava

Front 111

distal segment of vitelline vein forms

Back 111

portal venous system

Front 112

umbilical vein forms

Back 112

round ligament of the liver

Front 113

foramen ovale forms

Back 113

fossa ovalis

Front 114

ductus venosus forms

Back 114

ligamentum venosus

Front 115

ductus arteriosus forms

Back 115

ligamentum arteriosus

Front 116

mesenchymal cells differentiate into (7)

Back 116

fibroblasts, chondroblasts, osteoblasts, myoblasts, adipocytes, endothelial cells, mast cells

Front 117

derivatives of the mesoderm

Back 117

paraxial, intermediate, and lateral mesoderm

Front 118

paraxial mesoderm forms

Back 118

somites, vertebral column

Front 119

intermediate mesoderm forms

Back 119

organs, glandular organs

Front 120

somatic lateral mesoderm forms

Back 120

sternum

Front 121

splanchnic lateral mesoderm forms

Back 121

CVS, thoracic pleura, abdominal peritoneum

Front 122

sclerotomes form

Back 122

vertebrae

Front 123

myotomes form

Back 123

muscle

Front 124

dermatomes form

Back 124

corium forms dermis & subcutis forms hypodermis

NOT EPIDERMIS!

Front 125

ectoderm forms

Back 125

epidermis

Front 126

bone develops from (4)

Back 126

sclerotomes, somatic mesoderm, pharyngeal arch mesoderm, neural crest cells

Front 127

sclerotome forms

Back 127

vertebrae and ribs

Front 128

somatic mesoderm forms

Back 128

appendicular skeleton

Front 129

pharyngeal arch mesoderm forms

Back 129

several bones of the face

Front 130

neural crest cells form

Back 130

several bones of the face

Front 131

ossification in the dog embryo starts at day

Back 131

28

Front 132

you can read pregnancy radiographs at day

Back 132

38

Front 133

notochord persists in adult as

Back 133

nucleus pulposus in intervertebral disc

Front 134

muscles develop from mesoderm EXCEPT

Back 134

muscles of the iris (sphincter & dilataror pupillae)

Front 135

muscles of the iris (sphincter & dilataror pupillae) originate from

Back 135

optic cup ectoderm

Front 136

somitomeres form

Back 136

muscles of the head

Front 137

myogenic cells are separated into

Back 137

epimeres (dorsal) & hypomeres (ventral)

Front 138

epimeres give rise to

Back 138

epaxial muscles: muscles dorsal of the transverse processes of vertebrae (extensors of vertebral column)

Front 139

hypomeres give rise to

Back 139

hypaxial muscles: lateral and ventral flexors of thoracic and abdominal musculature

Front 140

localized proliferation of mesoderm, covered by ectoderm

Back 140

limb bud

Front 141

area of somatopleure committed to forming a limb

Back 141

limb field

Front 142

limb muscles are derived from

Back 142

paraxial mesoderm

Front 143

complete absence of a limb

Back 143

amelia

Front 144

absence of one or more parts of a limb

Back 144

meromelia

Front 145

reduced size of a limb

Back 145

micromelia

Front 146

partial or complete duplication of one limb

Back 146

bimelia

Front 147

presence of one or more extra digits

Back 147

polydactyly

Front 148

polydactyly is a genetic defect of

Back 148

cattle, sheep, pigs, occasionally horses

Front 149

base of skull formed via

Back 149

endochondral ossification

Front 150

skull bases (except base) formed via

Back 150

intramembranous ossification

Front 151

occipital bone and sphenoid bone, ethmoid bone, & petrous part of temporal bone

Back 151

chondrocranium (base of the cranium)

Front 152

chondrocranium formed via

Back 152

endochondral ossification

Front 153

frontal bone, parietal bone, interparietal bone, squamous part of temporal bone

Back 153

desmocranium (vault of cranium)

Front 154

desmocranium formed via

Back 154

intramembranous ossification

Front 155

lacrimal, nasal, incisive, maxilla, vomer, palatine, pterygoid, zygomatic, mandible, and tympanic part of temporal bone

Back 155

viscerocranium (face and jaw)

Front 156

viscerocranium formed via

Back 156

intamembranous ossification