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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Turner Syndrome:
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all/partial loss of X chromo
appearance: short, broad chest, lymphodema no cure-treat w/ GH, Estrogen, thyroid replacement |
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Polycystic Ovarian Disease:
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Bilateral enlargement of ovaries w/ cysts
infertile cause: cysts and atrophic follicles beneath very thick tunica albuginea can be from excess production of estrogen |
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Ectopic Implantation/Pregnancy
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oocyte fert. in peritoneal cavity
can implant on surface of ovary, intestine, or rectouterine pouch, uterine tube wall can be fatal |
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Endometriosis: uterine endometrial tissue in pelvic peritoneal cavity
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as endometrium is shed, bleeding occurs in peritoneal cavity, causing pain and scarring
can lead to sterility due to scarring |
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Uterine Fibroid:
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non-cancerous growth of uterine tissue in uterine cavity
increase estrogen increases polyp growth can block cervix/uterine tube and cause sterility Symp: irregular bleeding, excessively heavy bleeding |
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Cervical Carcinoma:
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80-90% from strat squamous epi
10-20% from cervical glands HPV infection usually main cause can be In-Situ (stays in epi) or Invasive (penetrates basal lamina) |
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Breast Cancer:
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Ductal or Lobular
can metastasize quickly to lungs, bone, brain mutation of BRCA1 increase rate or mutation in tumor suppressor genes presence of estrogen/progesterone=good prognosis c-erb B2 oncoprotein=poor prognosis |
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Teratomas:
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Tumors of multiple types of cells, usually found in gonads
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Premature Ovarian Follicle:
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loss of ovarian fxn prior to age 40
2 causes: loss of follicles or autoimmune destruction or maturing follicles complications: osteoperosis, infertility, depression |
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Stage II Membranous Glomerulopathy
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accumulation of immune complexes in subepithelial zone in glomerular capillaries
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Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis
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Glomerular Basement Membrane thickening or widening
expansion of mesangial matrix leading cause or end-stage renal disease |
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Crescentic Glomerulonephritis
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proliferation of parietal epi cells in bowmans capsule
resembles a crescent pushing on glomerulus can cover up to 50% of urinary space |
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Mesangial Glomerulonephritis
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hypercellularity (increase in mesangial cells) and subendothelial deposits
glomeruli are enlarged |
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ADPKD: Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
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complete loss of P1 or P2 leads to extensive cyst formation
cysts are derived from dilation of CD can cause Hypertension and renal failure |
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Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
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mutation of genes encoding AQP-2 and ADH receptors
kidney doesnt respond to ADH due to defective receptors lots of dilute urine is produced |
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Acute Tubular Necrosis
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Failure of tubular fxn due to poor oxygenation, following fall in blood pressure
cells swell as result of failure of NaK ATPase pump leads to inadequate excretion of H20 |
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TCC: Transitional Cell Carcinoma
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replaces normal epi w/ enlarged ones, crowded by enlarged hyperchromatic nuclei
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Cryptorchidism
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very common in pediatrics, failure of testi to drop
3 causes: gubernaculum and genitofemoral nerve -epididymis -hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis |
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5α-reductase Deficiency (5-ARD)
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inability to convert testosterone to DHT
DHT needed for dev. of external genitalia testis are there, just no scrotum for them to go to |
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Kleinfelter Syndrome
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male w/ extra X chromo
small testes and few sperm cell high FSH levels low testosterone levels |
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Seminoma
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germ cell tumor in testes
most common testicular cancer in men 30-35 |
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Aged Testes
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Interstitial fibrosis and hyalinization of the seminiferous tubule
leydig cells decrease, reduced testosterone and sperm cells |
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Varicocele
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dilation of pampiniform plexus veins
usually seen in left testes, increasing venous pressure |
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Leydig Cell Tumor
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active tumors that secrete androgens, estrogens
Reinke Crystal: rectangular, eosin, cytoplasmic inclusion mostly benign |
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Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
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englarged mucosal and submucosal glands
bulky feel |
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Prostate Carcinoma
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enlarged main or peripheral glands
increased PSA and PAP |
