Histo Test 3: Hemopoiesis

Front 1

What is the life span of a red blood cell?

Back 1

120 days

Front 2

What does Hematopoiesis mean?

Back 2

Development of blood cells

Front 3

Myeloid elements

Back 3

granulocytes, erythrocytes, monocytes and megakaryocytes
include mature cells and all their precursors

Front 4

where are Myeloid elements found?

Back 4

confined to the bone marrow

Front 5

Lymphoid elements

Back 5

Lymphocytes
mature cells and all their precursors

Front 6

Embryologic Development of Blood:
germ layer origin

Back 6

mesoderm cells from yolk sac differentiate into blood cells and blood vessels

Front 7

Embryologic Development of Blood:
Yolk sac involvement

Back 7

for first 3 months, yolk sac is primary Hematopoietic organ

Front 8

Embryologic Development of Blood:
Liver Involvement

Back 8

from 3-7 months, liver becomes primary Hematopoietic organ

Front 9

Embryologic Development of Blood:
Thymus involvement

Back 9

produces mostly Lymphocytes

Front 10

Embryologic Development of Blood:
Bone Marrow Involvement

Back 10

7 months to death, bone marrow is primary Hematopoietic organ

Front 11

Embryologic Development of Blood:
Stem Cell involvement

Back 11

give rise to cells that develop into Hematopoietic line
originate in yolk sac

Front 12

Theories of Blood Cell Formation:
Unitarian (Monophyletic)

Back 12

one stem cell gives rise to all early cells
(granular, nongranular, and erythrocyte)

Front 13

Theories of Blood Cell Formation:
Dualist

Back 13

one stem cell gives rise to Myeloid elements
one stem cell gives rise to Lymphoid elements

Front 14

Theories of Blood Cell Formation:
Polyphyletic

Back 14

One stem cell for each blood cell formed

Front 15

Bone Marrow Gross Characteristics

Back 15

red color due to erythrocytes and active Hematopoiesis
turns yellow if decreased Hematopoiesis
by 18, all marrow is yellow except for joint spaces

Front 16

Places where adult Hematopoietic marrow is found?

Back 16

skull, clavicle, vertebrate, ribs, sternum, and pelvis

Front 17

Vascular arrangement of Bone Marrow

Back 17

nutrient artery empties into sinusoid

Front 18

Hematopoietic compartment of Bone Marrow

Back 18

Magekaryocytes- lie near sinusoids to expel platelets
Erythrocytes: cytoplasmic pole, macrophages are associated here
Granulocytes are produced in nests away from islets

Front 19

Myeloid Elements: Granulocytes
Myeloblast features

Back 19

first cell of granulocyte series
large and round w/ basophilic cyto
the more nuclei present, the more primitive the cell

Front 20

Myeloid Elements: Granulocytes

What gives rise to Myeloblasts?

Back 20

mitotic division of myeloblasts and differentiation by stem cells

Front 21

Myeloid Elements: Granulocytes
Promyelocyte features

Back 21

full of Azurophilic granules in cyto
large spherical nucleus that takes up most of cell
slightly clumped chromatin w/ nucleoli present

Front 22

Myeloid Elements: Granulocytes
Myeloctye

Back 22

presence of specific granules
necleoli are small/not visible
cyto becomes less basophilic

Front 23

What is the last level of development that undergoes division in Granulocytes?

Back 23

Myelocyte is the last to divide

Front 24

Myeloid Elements: Granulocytes
Metamyelocyte

Back 24

indented, kidney-bean shaped nucleus
specific granules very apparent
Neutrophils can differentiate further into Band cells

Front 25

Myeloid Elements: Granulocytes
compartments in bone marrow

Back 25

Medullary formation compartment
Storage compartment

Front 26

Myeloid Elements: Granulocytes
compartments in circulation

Back 26

Marginating Compartment: cells remain close to endothelial lining of blood vessels
Circulating Compartment: bloodstream

Front 27

Myeloid Elements: Erythrocytes

What hormone stimulates stem cells to become Erythrocytes?

Back 27

Erythropoietin

Front 28

Myeloid Elements: Erythrocytes
Erythroblast features

Back 28

first step in Erythrocyte line
very large nucleus w/ basophilic cyto
atleast 2 nucleoli present

Front 29

Myeloid Elements: Erythrocytes
Basophilic Erythroblasts features

Back 29

checkerboard arrangement of chromatin
Basophilic cyto
Nucleoli no longer discernible

Front 30

Myeloid Elements: Erythrocytes
Polychromatophilic Erythroblast features

Back 30

grey cyto
nucleus still checkerboard, but more Pyknotic
still dividing

Front 31

Myeloid Elements: Erythrocytes

Why is Polychromatophilic Erythroblast cyto grey?

Back 31

Hemoglobin, which takes up eosin

Front 32

Myeloid Elements: Erythrocytes

What level do Erythrocytes stop dividing?

Back 32

Polychromatophilic erythroblasts are last to divide

Front 33

Myeloid Elements: Erythrocytes
Normoblast features

Back 33

Pyknotic nucleus
light grey, washed out cyto
Eccentric nucleus

Front 34

Myeloid Elements: Erythrocytes
Reticulocyte

Back 34

youngest Erythrocyte
no nucleus, but some RNA present
visible w/ Supravital stain

Front 35

Blood Cell Kinetics: Erythron

Back 35

Erythron: all RBC and precursors

Front 36

What hormone controls the Erythron?

Back 36

Erythropoietin
helps to control formation of RBC

Front 37

2 compartments of Erythron

Back 37

Circulating compartments: erythrocytes in the blood
Medullary compartment: bone marrow sites where formation of RBC occurs

Front 38

Hypoxia detection and reactions?

Back 38

detected by the kidney
causes production of Erythrogenin (REF)

Front 39

Erythrogenin (REF) functions

Back 39

uses another alpha-globulin substrate in plasma and forms Erythropoietinogen

Front 40

Erythropoietinogen function

Back 40

converted to Erythropoietin, which acts on bone marrow stem cell area

Front 41

Needs of the Erythron to properly function?

Back 41

Iron
Vitamen B-12
Folic Acid
Copper, Cobalt, Zinc, Protein, Vitamens

Front 42

Needs of the Erythron to properly function?
Iron

Back 42

goes to bone marrow

Front 43

Needs of the Erythron to properly function?
Vitamen B-12

Back 43

needed to utilize Iron

Front 44

Needs of the Erythron to properly function?
Folic Acid

Back 44

needed for DNA synthesis

Front 45

Monocytes:

Back 45

Azurophilic granules present in mature monocyte