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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Respiratory Tract:
Conducting Portion |
nasal cavity
nasopharynx oropharynx larynx tracheae bronchi bronchioles, terminal bronchioles |
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Respiratory Tract:
Respiratory Portion |
respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts alveoli |
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Typical Epithelium of Respiratory Tract
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ciliated psuedostratified columnar
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Nasal Cavity Divisions
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hyaline cartilage and bony nasal septum divide cavity into two Nasal Fossae
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Epithelium of Nasal Cavity
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stratified squamous--> ciliated pseudostratifed columnar in fossae
Olfactory Epithelium: on lateral nasal wall |
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Olfactory Epithelium
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found on lateral nasal wall
Pseudpstratified columnar contains 3 cells: supporting, basal, and olfactory cells (bipolar neurons) |
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Larynx Epithelium
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epiglottis is stratified squamous-->bottom part of epiglottis and onwards is pseudostratified columnar w/ cilia
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Larynx: Vocal Cord Features
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False: more superior, contain glands in LP
True: more inferior, contain SM in LP (Vocalis Muscle) |
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Trachea Features
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Respiratory epithelium w/ goblet cells
cilia sweeps mucous upward to trap dust Basal cells can replace other cells that are lost Hyaline cartilage present Trachealis muscle (SM) supports cartilage |
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Bronchi Features
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Cartilage still present
typical respiratory epithelium w/ goblet cells blood supply follows course parallel to the bronchi |
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Bronchiole Features
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No Cartilage or Glands
few goblet cells remain respiratory epithelium (Bronchi)--> ciliated simple columnar (terminal bronchioles)--> ciliated simple cuboidal (respiratory bronchioles) Clara Cells |
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Bronchiole Innervation
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Vagus (parasympathetic) and sympathetic
stimulation of Vagus causes decrease in diameter, opposite for sympathetic |
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Clara Cells
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Similar to goblet cells, being in respiratory bronchioles
secrete a protein that protects the bronchiole lining and act similar to Surfactant |
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Alveolar Ducts
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Lead to alveolar sacs
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Alveoli General Features
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sight of gas-blood exchange
alveolar wall (interalveolar septum) separates each alveoli |
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Epithelial Cells of Alveoli
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Type 1 Pneumocyte
Type 2 Pneumocyte |
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Type 1 Pneumocyte
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make up most of lung surface area
nucleus bulges into alveolar space |
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Type 2 Pneumocyte
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secretory cell
Lamellar bodies: secretory granules that stain w/ H&E rich w/ phospholipid Secrete Surfactant |
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Blood-Air Barrier Layers
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1. Surfactant
2. cytoplasm of Type I alveolar 3. basal lamina of alveolar Type I and Endothelial Cell 4. cytoplasm of Endothelial Cell |
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Alveolar Macrophage (Dust Cell)
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most numerous cell in lungs
use acid phosphatase, beta glucouronidase, and lyzosyme to be very effecient |
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Alveolar Macrophage:
Heart Failure Cell |
phagocytize RBC during heart failure
contain iron pigments (hermosiderin) Higher activity of Acid Phosphatase, Beta-glucuronidase, and Lysozyme |
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Alveolar Pores (Pores of Kohn)
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traverse the alveolar wall, allow for pressure equalization and air circulation
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Pulmonary Blood Vessels
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both systemic and pulmonic flow
Pulmonary artery follows bronchiole tree becomes capillary network at respiratory bronchiole Bronchiole artery supplies lung tissue w/ blood |
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Pulmonary Lymphatic Vessels
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drain lymph at hilum of lung
follow pulmonic vessels, and end at the alveolar ducts |
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Pleura of Lung
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serous membrane, lining thoracic cavity as visceral pleura
seals lung surface |
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Histophysiology
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Pulmonary endothelial enzymes convert angiotensin I to angiotensin II
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Histophysiology
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Bombesin is the gastrin release peptide, from Enteroendocrine cell
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Endothelial Cell Secretions
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Angiotensin Converting Enzyme: converts angiotensin I to II
increases BP, vasoconstriction |
