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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Q. Hypophysis (Pituitary):
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A complex endocrine organ that in many ways represents an endocrine extension of the hypothalamus
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Q. What is Hypophysis attached to:
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superiorly by its infundibular stalk to the median eminence of the tuber cinereum
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Q. Hypophysis Components:
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There is an anterior lobe and a posterior lobe. Pars distalis, Pars intermedia, Pars tuberalis
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Q. Hypophysis (Posterior Lobe):
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Pars nervosa( neurosecretory axons and their endings)
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Q.Infundibulum:
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continuous with the median eminence and contains neurosecretory axons that form the hypothalamohypophy-seal tracts
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Q. Hypophysis (Vascular Supply):
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Arteries supplying the pars tuberalis, median eminence, and infundibular stem give rise to a primary capillary plexus of fenestrated capillaries
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Q. Where does the Vascular Supply drain into:
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a hypophyseal portal vein system which runs along the pars tuberalis into a secondary capillary plexus in the anterior lobe
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Q. Most of the blood from the pituitary gland drains into:
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cavernous venous sinus and then into the general circulation
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Q. Blood can flow from the pars nervosa toward:
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hypothalamus
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Q. Hypophysis (Anterior Lobe):
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Contains anastomosing cords of large secretory epithelial cells that contact wide fenestrated capillaries
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Q. Cells, apparently with less hormone stain poorly and are called:
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chromophobes
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Q. Cells that stain intensely:
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chromophils
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Q. Acidophils produce:
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growth hormone and prolactin
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Q. Basophils produce:
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ACTH, melanocyte stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone
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Q. Hypophysis (Posterior Lobe):
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This contains axons of neurosecretory neurons whose cell bodies lie in the para-ventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus
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Q. Two hormones produced in (posterior lobe):
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oxytocin and vasopressin
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Q. Where is Thyroid located:
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base of the larynx
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Q. Lining of the thyroid follicles:
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simple cuboidal epithelium
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Q. The follicles contain thyroglobulin, called:
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colloid
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Q. Calcitonin is produce where:
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Thyroid
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Q.Parathyroid Gland 2 Types:
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Chief Cells & Oxyphil cells
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Q. Chief cells:
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secrete parathyroid hormone
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Q. Oxyphil Cells:
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acidophilic cells whose function is uncertain, but may be non-secretory chief cells
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Q. PTH increases:
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serum calcium levels
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Q. Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans) Produce:
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glucagon, insulin, somato-statin and vasoactive intestinal peptide, gastrin, and pancreatic polypeptide respectively
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Q. Suprarenal Gland secrete 2 classes of unrelated hormones:
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Steroid hormones & Catecholamine hormones
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Q. Catecholamine hormones:
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epinephrine and norepinephrine
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Q. Hormone-producing cells of the adrenal medulla are derived from:
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neural crest cells from nearby developing sympathetic ganglia that migrate before birth to the adrenal glands.
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Q. Three Zones of Adrenal Cortex:
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Zona Glomerulosa, Zona Fasciculata, and Zona Reticularis
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Q. Zona Glomerulosa:
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More or less rounded groups of comparatively small secretory cells
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Q. Zona Fasciculata:
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The thickest zone, it consists of long slender radial columns of cells that border on long, straight fenestrated capillaries
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Q. Zona Reticularis:
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Secretory cells arranged as anastomosing cords
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Q. Adrenal Medulla grouped mainly around:
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medullary blood vessels, where they border on wide, fenestrated capillaries.
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Q. Medullary secretary cells are known as:
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chromaffin cells
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Q. two types of chromaffin cells can be distinguished:
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one secreting epinephrine and one secreting norepinephrine
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Q. pineal:
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creates melatonin
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