Histo Test 2-Cardiovascular

Front 1

Circulation systems

Back 1

systemic- high pressure, from heart to tissue and back
pulmonary- low pressure, from heart to lungs

Front 2

Blood Vessel Tunica's

Back 2

Tunica intima: internal
Tunica media: middle
Tunica adventitia: outer

Front 3

Tunica Intima

Back 3

layer of endothelial cells on a basal lamina
subendothelial layer consisting mostly of CT

Front 4

Tinca Media

Back 4

layers of circularly arranged smooth muscle
the SM cells produce elastic and reticular fibers
separated from Intima by internal elastic lamina, from Adventitia by external elastic lamina
Finestrae present in lamina to allow diffusion

Front 5

Tunica Adventitia

Back 5

longitudinal collagen and elastic fibers
becomes continuous with fascia
found here:
vasa vasorum: blood vessels to the vessels
nervi vasorum: nerves to the vessel

Front 6

Innervation of blood vessels

Back 6

vasomotor nerves: sympathetic nerve fibers and the neurotransmitter neuroepinephrine cause vasoconstriction

Front 7

baroreceptors

Back 7

pressure sensory receptor of blood vessels

Front 8

chemoreceptors

Back 8

chemical sensory receptor of blood vessel

Front 9

Capillaries

Back 9

single layer endothelial cells, rolled in a tube
cells rest on a basal lamina
vimentin IF present as well as numerous MF
Zonula occludens, desmosome, and gap junction b/t

Front 10

Continuos (Somatic) Capillary

Back 10

absence of finestrae in wall
pinocytotic vessels present on both surfaces
complete basal lamina

Front 11

Fenestrated (Visceral) Capillary

Back 11

large finestrae present in walls
diaphragm b/t finestrae, very thin membrane
found where rapid exchange of material needed:kidney,intestine, glands, choroid plexus

Front 12

Fenestrated Capillary w/ no diaphragm

Back 12

finestrae present, but no diaphragm to close openings
thick basal lamina
found in renal glomerulus

Front 13

Sinusoidal (discontinuous) Capillary

Back 13

large diameter
intercellular and transcellular holes
basal lamina absent
found in liver,spleen, adrenal cortex, bone marrow
Macrophages present nearby

Front 14

Ateriovenous anastomoses

Back 14

direct connection b/t arteriole and venule, bypassing capillaries

Front 15

Metarteriole

Back 15

small branches of arterioles line with smooth muscle

Front 16

Precapillary sphincter

Back 16

where capillaries originate from metarteriole

Front 17

Functions of Capillaries: Exchange

Back 17

Exchange: oxygen, CO2 and metabolites are transferred from blood to tissue
permeability controlled by cell junctions, capillary type, and substances (bradykinin and histamine)

Front 18

Functions of Capillaries: Metabolic

Back 18

Endothelial cells metabolize substances
converts angiotensin to angiotensin II (raises BP)
converts bradykinin, prostoglandins to inert substances
breaks down lipoproteins (lipolysis)

Front 19

Functions of Capillaries: Antithrombogenic

Back 19

prevent contact of platelets with subendothelial CT (prevents clot formation)

Front 20

Elastic Artery

Back 20

Intima: thick, contains CT and SM
Media: thickest of 3 tunics, has concentric rings of elastic lamina with SM and CT b/t (no fibroblasts)
Adventitia: thin CT layer of mainly collagen, has vasa vasorum and nervi vascularis

Front 21

Muscular Artery

Back 21

Intima: thin subendothelial layer, prominent wavy internal elastic lamina
Media: up to 40 layers of SM arranged concentrically, w/ elastic lamina and reticular fibers present
Adventitia: CT almost as thick as media consisting of collagen, reticular, elastic, lymphatics, vaso vasorum, nervi vascularis, and adipose

Front 22

Arterioles

Back 22

stopcocks of capillaries
Intima: thin subendothelial layer, internal elastic lamina usually present (cells have Weibel-Palade Granules and selectin)
Media: 1-4 layers of SM
Adventitia: thin and ill-defined

Front 23

Weibale-Palade granules

Back 23

contain coagulation factor VIII, von Willebrand's factor

Front 24

Venules

Back 24

accompany arteriole
broad, irregular lumen
Intima: thin
Media: thin and SM usually absent
Adventitia: thickest of 3
responsive to vasoactive agents, serotonin, leukotrienes, and histamine

Front 25

Small and Medium sized Vein

Back 25

have valves of Tunica Intima composed of elastic CT and lined by endothelium
Media: small bundles of SM w/ reticular fibers and few elastic
Adventitia: thicker than media w/ collagen

Front 26

Large Vein

Back 26

Intima: well developed sub endothelial layer
Media: thin w/ some SM, collagen
Adventitia: thickest, contains bundles of LONGITUDINALLY arranged SM w/ collagen b/t bundles

Front 27

Heart layers

Back 27

Internal: endocardium
Middle: myocardium
External: epicardium

Front 28

Endocardium layers

Back 28

Inner: endothelium on subendothelial layer of collagen
Middle: thicker, contains SM and elastic fibers
Outer: closest to myocardium, consists of loose CT and is called "subendocardial" layer

Front 29

Subendocardial layer

Back 29

contains veins, nerves, and purkinje fibers

Front 30

Myocardium

Back 30

thickest of tunics, consists of cardiac muscle cells in spiral layers

Front 31

Epicardium

Back 31

serous covering of heart, forms visceral layer of pericardium
has simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium)
subepicardial layer below, contains adipose

Front 32

Lymphatic Vascular System

Back 32

endothelial lining, thin walled channels that collect lymph from tissue and return it to blood
Lymphatic capillaries originate as blind-end vessels that have a single layer of endothelium

Front 33

Lymphatic Capillaries

Back 33

single endothelial layer
no finestrae, no zonlula occludens, no basal lamina
MF present, allow them to separate