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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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5 layers of Epidermis (outer to inner)
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Stratum: Corneum, Lucidum, Granulosum, Spinosum, Germinativum
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Describe Stratum Corneum
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Flattened keratin filled cells. NO ORGANELLES (no nucleus).
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Most prominent layer in THICK skin
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Stratum Lucidum
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Layer forming water barrier
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Stratum Granulosum
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Name of granules forming water barrier
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Membrane Coating Granules
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Basophilic, non-membrane bound granules found in Stratum Granulosum
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Keratohyaline Granules
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What layers make up the Malphigian Layer
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Germinativum, Spinosum (the two deepest)
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What occurs in the Malphigian Layer
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Keratinocyte Proliferation
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Layer with desomosomes which help make the epidermis cohesive
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Stratum Spinosum
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Structures that attach the Stratum Germinativum to Basal Lamina
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Hemidesmosomes
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Structures that attach adjacent cells to each other
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Desomosomes
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Main layer of cell mitoses
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Germinativum
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Layer that makes keratin
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Stratum Granulosum
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Layer of compacted dead cells
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Stratum Lucidum
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What layers are damaged in 1st degree burns
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Superficial Epidermis
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What layers are damaged in 2nd degree burns
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All of Epidermis. Remnants of Sweat Glands and Hair Follicles in Dermis are able to regenerate the Epidermis
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What layers are damaged in 3rd degree burns
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Epidermis and Dermis. Need Skin Graft
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What % loss of body area can cause Hypovolemia (Adults and Children)
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Adults = 15%, Kids = 10%
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Origin of Keratinocytes
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Ectoderm
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Predominant cell type of epidermis
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Keratinocyte
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What are Merkel Cells
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Specialized Keratinocytes involved in touch
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Main locatino of Langerhans Cells
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Stratum Spinosum
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Langerhans cells can serve as reservoirs for what organism
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HIV-1
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Stain needed to see Langerhans Cells
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Gold
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Origin of Melanocytes
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Neural Crest
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Location of melanocytes
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Stratum Germinativum
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Epidermal-Melanin units not determined by…
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Race or Gender
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Can melanocytes have desmosomes or hemidesmosomes?
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Hemidesmosomes
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Enzyme found in Melanocytes and Function
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Tyrosinase (converts tyrosine to melanin)
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Process by which Melanin is injected into Keratinocytes
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Cytocrine Secretion
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Melanin seen in skin slides is predominantly found in what cells
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Keratinocytes
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Cells with fewest numbers of melanin granules
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Melanocytes
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Role of Melanin Granules
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Protect dividing cells from UV radiation
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Why do some people have darker skin
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Slower lysosomal degradation of melanin granules = darker skin
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What causes tanning?
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Increased production of melanocytes in response to injury
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Most common Skin Cancer
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Basal Cell
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Basal Cell only arises in regions of skin containing
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Sebaceous Glands
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Basal Cell usually found
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Eyelids, Bridge of Nose
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Does Basal Cell normally Metastasize
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No
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Skin cancer common in Fair Skinned Blondes who like Outdoors
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Squamous cell
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Histology of Squamous Cell
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Complete replacement of Epithelium with Pleomorphic cells that may later penetrate the dermis.
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What % of Sqamous Cell metastasizes
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2-5%
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Very malignant skin cancer
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Malignant Melanoma
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Why is Melanoma so Malignant
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Neural crest cell origin
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Gross appearance of melanoma
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Irregular outline, variable color
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Two layers of dermis
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Papillary, Reticular
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Type of CT found in Papillary layer
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Loose CT
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Type of CT found in Reticular layer
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Dense Irregular CT
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Synonym for Thick Skin
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Glabrous
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Where is thick skin found
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Areas exposed to wear or abrasion, palms, soles
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Prominent layers of thick skin
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Lucidum, Corneum
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What is thick skin missing
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Hair, Sebaceous Glands
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Prominent Layer of Thin (hairy) Skin
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Stratum Lucidum
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Very Thin layer of Thin Skin
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Corneum
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Layer, deep to dermis, not considered part of the skin
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Hypodermis (aka Superficial fascia, sub-q CT)
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Hypodermis made of
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Loose CT with Fat Cells
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Hair Follicles and Sweat Glands are invaginations of
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Epidermis
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Two types of Sweat Glands
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Eccrine, Apocrine
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Characteristics of Eccrine Sweat Glands
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Simple, Coiled Tubular Glands, Simple Cuboidal Acini, Strat. Cuboidal Ducts
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Cells that squeeze secretions from sweat acini
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Myoepithelial cells
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Apocrine sweat glands found where
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Axilla, Areola, Anal region
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Sweat glands that smell after bacterial action
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Apocrine
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Highly modified apocrine sweat gland
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Mammary Gland
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Sebaceous glands develop in association with
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Hair Follicles
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Where are sebaceous glands found NOT in association with hair follicles
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Lips, Glans
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Secretion method of sebum from sebaceous glands
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Holocrine Secretion
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Sebaceous glands become active when
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Puberty (acne)
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Are free nerve endings Myelinated?
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No, unmyelinated
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Free nerve endings are involved in perception of
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Pain and Temperature
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Only type of receptor found in cornea
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Free nerve endings
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Receptors involved in discriminative touch
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Meissner's Corpuscles
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Meissner's Corpuscles are most abundant where
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Thick Skin, Lips, Nipples
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Receptors involved in pressure and vibration
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Pacinian Corpuscles
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Pacinian Corpuscles are found where
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Hypodermis, dermis, thick and thin skin, Fingertips
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