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94 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the four layers of a tubular organ?
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tunica mucosa
tele submucosa tunica muscularis tunica serosa or t. adventica |
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what are the three layers within the tunica mucosa?
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l.epithlialis
l. propria l. muscularis |
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what is the type of cells within the external nose?
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keratinized stratisfied squamous epithelium with pigmented cells
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what two animals is the external nose moist?
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ox and pig
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why is the dogs nose wet?
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because of nasolacrimal gland overflow
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how is the shape of the external nose maintained?
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supported by internal cartilage
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what are the two regions of the nasal cavity?
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vestibular region
respiratory region |
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what do the cells transistion into when in the vestbular region?
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non-keratinized mucosa
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what type of glands are in the vestibular region, what is their purpose?
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serous and mixed glands
in the underlying CT to help humidify entering air. |
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what are the 4 parts of the respiratory region?
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respiratory epithelium
nasal glands erectile tissue conchae |
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what are the four layers of a tubular organ?
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tunica mucosa
tele submucosa tunica muscularis tunica serosa or t. adventica |
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what are the three layers within the tunica mucosa?
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l.epithlialis
l. propria l. muscularis |
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what is the type of cells within the external nose?
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keratinized stratisfied squamous epithelium with pigmented cells
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what two animals is the external nose moist?
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ox and pig
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why is the dogs nose wet?
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because of nasolacrimal gland overflow
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how is the shape of the external nose maintained?
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supported by internal cartilage
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what are the two regions of the nasal cavity?
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vestibular region
respiratory region |
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what do the cells transistion into when in the vestbular region?
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non-keratinized mucosa
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what type of glands are in the vestibular region, what is their purpose?
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serous and mixed glands
in the underlying CT to help humidify entering air. |
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what are the 4 parts of the respiratory region?
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respiratory epithelium
nasal glands erectile tissue conchae |
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what is in the respiratory epithelium, what is the purpose?
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pseduostatisfied ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells, some cells with microvilli, pupose to humidify and cleanse air
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what type of glands are in nasal glands, what do they do?
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mixed glands, humidify
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where are erectile tissues, what do they do?
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vascular cavities, thermoregulation
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what are conchae (turbinates)
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boney scrolls which extend off the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
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what are the 4 types of cells of olfactory epithelium?
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sustentacular cells
basal cells olfactory cells species variations in cell numbers |
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what are the 2 types of cells in the olfactory region?
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olfactory epitheliuim
olfactory glands (bowmans glands) |
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what is the type of cells in olfactory epithelium?
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pseduostatified columnar epithelium
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what is the purpose of sustentacular cells?
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support
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where are sustentacular nuclei located?
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uppermost layer of nuclei
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what do sustentacular cells have that make them unique?
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microvilli
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where are basal nuclei located?
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in the basal layer
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where are basal cells derived from?
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epithelial stem cell, immature receptor cell?
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what are olfactory cells?
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bipolar neurons
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what do olfactory cells have on the olfactory bulb?
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non-motile cilia
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what is the lifespan of olfactory cells?
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50 days
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what is unique about olfactory cells?
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the adapt- shut down after a period of time with the same continous odor
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what are species variations in cell numbers of olfactory cells?
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dog detects 1 x 10^13 dilution- 1 dorp in 530,000 barrels of water
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what is the number of olfactory cells and the surface area of olfactory epithelium (square mm.) in the dog?
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280 million
7,000 |
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what is the number of olfactory cells and surface area of olfactory epithelium (square mm.) of a cat?
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67 million
? |
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what is the number of olfactory cells and surface area of olfactory epithelium (square mm.) of a human?
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20 million
500 square mm. |
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what are olfactory glands made of?
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seorus glands
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where are olfactory glands located?
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in the propria-submucosa
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what is the function of olfactory glands?
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cleanse epithelial surface and solublize odors
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in what spaces are the paranasal sinuses located?
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maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones
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what is the paranasal sinus contiunous with?
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nasal cavity
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what is the epithelium in paranasal sinuses?
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ranges from squamous to thin resp. (few goblet cells)
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what is the vomeronasal organ (Jacobson's organ)?
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paired tubular structure in the floor of the nasal cavity
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where does the vomeronasal organ empty into?
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incisive duct
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what is the vameronasal organ lined with?
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respiratory epithelium (lateral)
olfactory epithelium (medial) |
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what is the function of the vomeronsal organ?
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chemoreception of liquid-borne compounds
-associated with sexual behavior-Flehmen rexn. or lip curl. |
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what type of epitheliuim if the nasopharyx lined with?
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respiratory epithelium
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what immune tissue is in the nasopharynx?
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diffuse and aggregated lymphatic tissue
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what secondary immune organ is located in the nasopharynx?
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the palantine tonsil
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what two things does the larynx connect?
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pharynx and trachea
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what are the 5 types of cartilages present in the larynx?
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epiglottis
thyroid cricoid paired arytenoid corniculate process of arytenoid |
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what type of cartilage is the epiglottis?
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elastic- often infiltrated with fat
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what type of cartilage is thyroid, cricoid, paired arytenoid?
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hyaline
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what type of cartilage is corniculate process of arytenoid?
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elastic
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what are the cartilages of the larynx joined with?
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skeletal muscle and ligaments
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what is the trachea lined with?
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st. squamous to resp. epith.
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what may be on the st. squamous tissue in the larynx?
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taste buds on the gi surface
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what is beneath the epithelium in the larynx?
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lymphatic tissue beneath epith
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in the trachea, the ___ ____shape varies with specie
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cross section
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what is the tracheal lined with?
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resp. epith
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what types of glands are in the trachea?
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submucosal glands- seromucus in type
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what provides most of the secretion in the trachea?
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The glands
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what gives support to the walls in the trachea?
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c shaped hyaline cartilage rings
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what is in between the rings?
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smooth muscle (trachealis m.)
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what is the trachea surrouned by?
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t. adventica
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what do bronchiolar cells secrete?
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glycoproteins and metabolize xenobiotics
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how far does the ciliated lining cells pass?
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cilia decrease as progress down airway
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what is the role of neuroendocrine cells?
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role is unclear
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is there any cartilage in bronchiole? what can happen here?
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no cartilage in bronchiole
muscle can contract and narrow airways |
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what is the first level of respiration?
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respiratory bronchiole
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what are respiratory bronchioles lined with?
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cuboidal cells
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what protrudes through the walls of the respiratory bronchiole?
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alveoli
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what do alveolar ducts connect?
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respiratory bronchiole to alveolar sac.
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what is inside of alveolar ducts?
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small patches of smooth m.
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what is an alveolar sac?
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a cluster of alveoli
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what are the 4 parts of the alveolus?
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-squamous alveolar epithelial (type 1)
-granular alveolar epithelial type II; great alveolar cell -pulmonary macrophages -septal pores |
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what is the function squamous alveolar type I cell?
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primary lining cell
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what is the type 1 alveolar cell made up of?
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simple squamous epithelium
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what is the function of granular alveolar type 2 cells?
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secretory cell; produces surfactant
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what type of cells make up type 2 alveolar cells?
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round or cuboidal; projects into lumen
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what type of cytoplasm do type 2 alveolar cells have?
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foamy
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what are the precursors for surfactant at EM level for type 2 alveolar cells?
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lamellar bodies
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where are the septal macrophages in pulmonary macrophages?
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they are stationary
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where are alveolar macrophages in pulmonary macrophages?
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migrate
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where are septal pores located?
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present between alveoli
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what are the two arteries that supply the alveoli?
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pulmonary artery (functional-gas exchange)
bronchial artery (nutritional) |
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what does the pulmonary artery form?
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an extensive capillary bed for gas exchange
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what is the septal space?
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space between the basal lamina of the alveolar epithelium and the basal lamina of the capillary endothelium
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what types of cells (5) does the septal space contain?
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contains ct fibers, fibroblasts, macrophages, plasma cells, lymphocytes
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what does the blood-air barrier consist of?
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1. alveoloar lining cell
2. basal lamina of epithelium 3. basal lamina of endothelium 4. endothelial cell of capillary |
