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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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S&F of ♀reproductive system (6)
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- ovary: house maturing ova
- oviduct: transport ova - uterus: house, nourish embryos - vagina: receive penis, passage for fetus/mens - ext. genitalia: sexual arousal, copulation - mammary gland: milk to nourish newborn |
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Function of Ovary
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- gametogenesis: (♀: oogenesis)
puberty: cyclic growth of follicles→mature→ovulation - steroidogenesis: Estrogen: growth & maturation of sex organ Progesterone: uterus, mammary gland for pregnancy |
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Structure of the ovary (3)
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1. Cortex:
- simple squamous to cuboidal mesothelium (germinal epithelium) - Tunica albuginea: thick CT covering - Follicles with oogonia (♀germ cells) 2. Medulla - Loose CT w. lots of BV, nerve, lymphatics 3. Stroma: CT with more cells |
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Briefly describe the process of oogenesis (5)
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1. Primordial germ cells (oogonia)
2. Primary (primordial) follicle (PF) 3. Secondary (vesicular) follicle 4. Graafian follicle (mature): corpus luteum/albicans 5. Atretic follicle |
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What happens in primordial germ cells (oogonia) (4)
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- migrate into cortex of ovary [3rd month]
- become 1° oocyte, surrounded by single squamous follicular (granulosa) cells - surrounded by single squamous layer of follicular (granulosa) cells - in stroma of cortex under tunica albuginea |
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Describe the primary follicle
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Unilaminar PF
- 1° oocyte enlarged, - single cuboidal follicular cells Multilaminar PF - 1° oocyte w. - zona granulosa: sev. layers of follicular cells - zona pellucida: develop between oocytes, foll. cells - theca interna: around follicle as outer layer |
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Describe 2° (vesicular) follicle (6)
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- deeper into cortical stroma
- 6-12 layers of constantly proliferating granulosa cells - needs FSH, EGF, IGF, Ca2+ - Follicular antrum: small cavity from intercellular spaces of granulosa cells. Foll. fluid accumulates. - Call-Exner bodies: secrete proteoglycans, hyaluronan - Theca interna (steroid-secreting or luteinised), externa (no endocrine function) |
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Describe mature (Graafian) follicle? (8)
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- 2° oocyte >10 nm in diameter
- thinner granulosa cells cuz mitotic activity - larger antrum - cumulus oophorus: thickened area of granulosa cells around oocyte - corona radiata: several layers of granulosa cells surrounding ovum & ZP - Theca interna: produce androgen (LH stimulates) → granulosa cells (androgen → estrogen, stim. by FSH) - LH/FSH secreted from adenohypophysis 24hr before ovulation - 12-24 hrs after LH surge, 2° oocyte + 1st polar body form |
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describe the Atretic follicle (3)
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- stage of degeneration
- fibroblasts in the follicle - degenerated oocytes |
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Describe Corpus luteum
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- after ovulation, ruptured follicle collapse
- Corpus hemorrhagicum: granulosa, theca cells filled w. blood → Corpus luteum (post healing, luteinization of follicular cells) - Granulosa lutein cells: ↑size of granulosa, secretes progesterone (larger, paler, more central) - Theca lutein cells: ↑size of theca, secretes estrogen (smaller, darker, more peripheral) |
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What is corpus albicans? (4)
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- when NO fertilization (regressed C.L.)
- corpus luteum: involution, hyalinization - cease P & E secretion: endometrial lining can't sustain -> menstruation - fibrotic with fibroblasts -> scar tissue |
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What is menopause (5)
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- 40-50 y/o
- menstrual irregular -> cease. Climacteric (ovul. stop) - ↑LH, FSH. Remaining follicles insensitive to LH, FSH - ovaries stop producing E, P - Sx: hot flush, night sweat, fatigue, anxiety, irratibility |
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Structure of oviduct (3)
function of oviduct (3) |
- infundibulum: open to per. cavity (receive oocyte)
- fimbriae: finger like process w. ciliated epithelium - ampulla: site of fertilization - nutrition for oocyte - transport: cilia move fluid - fertilization in ampulla (or else ectopic) |
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Histology of oviduct (3)
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Mucosa:
- simple columnar epithelium - peg cells (non-ciliated epi in oviduct) + ciliated - highly folded in ampulla, infundibulum Muscularis: - inner circular - outer longitudinal Serosa |
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structure of uterus (3)
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- body
- cervix - fundus - endometrium - myometrium - perimetrium |
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layers of endometrium (4)
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1. Simple tubular glands, simple columnar epithelium
2. Basal layer 3. Functional layer - prol. phase: simple col. epi, straight glands, helical arteries - secretory (luteal): thick layer. tortuous glands to support blastocyte, coiled helical arteries - menstrual: functional layer desquamated 4. Lamina propria changes w. menstrual cycle |
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Describe structure of
- myometrium (2) - perimetrium (1) |
Myometrium:
- constant throughout cycle - inner longitudinal, middle circular (stratum vasculare): highly vasc, outer longitudinal Perimetrium - outer serosa, some covered by adventitia |
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function of uterus (3)
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Monthly prepare uterus for pregnancy (menstrual)
- proliferative phase: function layer proliferates as follicle develops - secretory phase: mature/secrete uterine glands during corpus luteum - mens |
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function (2) and structure (3) of vagina (5)
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Structure
- moist stra squamous (vacuolated w. lipid, glycogen) - thick muscular wall - no glands in lamina propria F: - hollow tube: receive penis in copulation - passage: menstrual flow, child |
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Female ext. genitalia/vulva: what is it? (1)
- area (3) - structure (3) |
- Vulva: space outlined by labia minor & clitoris
- mons pubis: adipose above PS, covered w. pubic hair - pudendal cleft: between labia majora - vestibule: space between labia minora (house urethral & vaginal openine) - Clitoris: made of CC, CS - Prepuce: skin fold surrounding glans of clitoris - labia minora & majora |
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structure of mammary glands: (4)
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- highly modified apocrine, tubuloalveolar sweat gland
- nipple surrounded by areola - milk production: terminal duct lob. units → lobe → lactiferous duct → nipple - Cooper's ligament |
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Phases of the mammary gland:
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inactive:
- columnar epithelium Lactating: - myoepithelial cells, - secretory alveoli w. cuboidal epithelium |
