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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two principal type of cells in nerve tissue?
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Neurons or nerve cells, and supporting cells
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Structure/function of neuron?
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cell body and processes (axon and dendrite). Neurons do not replicate.
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What is the neuron-cell body?
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perikaryon, euchromatic nucleus, Nisal bodies, numerous mitochondria, large golgi apparatus
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What is an Axon hillock?
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region on cell body that is cone-shaped
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What is a dendrite?
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peripheral process, carries info. towards cell body, short
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What is an axon?
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central process, carries info. away from cell, long
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What are the mechanisms in axon transport system?
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Anterograde (cell body to periphery-kinesin) and retrograde (axon and dendrites to cell body-dynein)
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What is the morphology of a typical synapse?
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facilitate transmission of synapses, between axons and effector cells
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What is impulse conduction?
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"saltatory conduction". speed related to myelin and thickness of axon
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What are the supporting cells?
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PNS: Schwann, Satellite
CNS: Ependymal, neuroglial (AMO-Astrocyte, oligodendrocyte, microglia) |
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How do you classify neurons by function?
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Sensory-receptors to CNS, Motor=CNS or ganglia to effector cells, Interneurons-most in body
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How do you classify neurons by # processes?
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Multipolar-1 axon 2+ dendrites, Bipolar-1 axon 1 dendrite, Unipolar-1 axon divides into 2
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What is Parkinsons disease?
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neurological dx, loss of dopamine, presence of Lewy body. Treatment: L Dopa
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What is Myasthenia Gravis?
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dx affecting neuromuscular junction, impaired transmission of nerve impulses, autoimmune attack on acetylcholine receptors.
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What is the process of myelination?
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1 Schwann cell can only myelinate 1 axon. schwann enevelopes axon, winds around in concentric manner.
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What is Guillain Barre syndrome?
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PNS demyelinating dx, large accum of lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells. loss of muscle coordination and cutaneous sensation
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What is Multiple sclerosis?
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damage to myelin, detached and destroyed (as well as oligodendrocyte), proliferation of astrocytes.
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Structure/function of choroid plexus?
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invaginated folds of pia mater rich in dilated fenestrated capillaries. produces CSF. lateral, 3rd, 4th ventricles.
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What are ganglia?
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clusters of nerve cell bodies and fibers leading to and from
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What are sensory vs. autonomic ganglia?
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sensory- craniospinal, psuedounipolar, thick fasicles
autonomic-sympathetic and parasympathetic, multipolar, diffuse nerve fibers |
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What is the autonomic system?
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part of PNS that conducts impulses to smooth m, cardiac m, and glandular epithelium
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What are the categories of ANS?
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sympathetic (T1-L2), pregang: acetylcholine, postgang: norepinephrine
parasympathetic: cranial nn 3,7,9,10 . both release acetylcholine |
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What are the categories of enteric nervous system plexuses?
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1) Myenteric (Auerbach) and 2) Submucous (Meissner)
unmyelinated. maintains peristaltic movements and secretory function of gut |
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Describe spinal cord
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31 segments, 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal.
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Describe cerebrum
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cerebral cortex (6 layers) and white matter, pyramidal cells
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Describe cerebellum
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3 layers (molecular, Purkinje, granular
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Structure/function of blood brain barrier?
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1) complex tight junctions
2) astrocytes wrap around capill. 3) some CNS have no barrier |
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What are the 3rd and 5th layers of cerebrum that contain pyramidal cells?
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III) external pyramidal layer
V) lateral pyramidal layer |
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What is Hirschsprung disease?
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arrest in migration of neural crest cells to 1 segment of distal colon. absence of enteric nervous system
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In PNS, is regeneration of nerve fibers possible?
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Yes, because of Schwann cells
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In chromatolysis, can cells be replaced?
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in loss of Nissl substance from cell body, cells won't be replaced.
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