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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What hormone does the heart secrete?
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Atrial naturietic peptide/factor (ANF/ANP)
-made in atrial myocytes -secreted in response to atrial wall stretch -blocks Na resorption in renal tubules In Heart failure, Ventricles can make ANP (called BNP when measured in blood). |
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Three layers of heart
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Epicardium (visceral pericardium)
Myocardium Endocardium |
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Cardiac myocyte characteristics
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Striated muscle
Central nuclei Branching Intercalated discs |
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Skeletal muscle characteristics
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Striated muscle
Peripheral nuclei Non-branching |
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Intercalated disc functions
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Weld cells together structurally and electrically using:
desmosomes hemidesmosomes tight juncttions |
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Myocardial interstitial matrix
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contains elastic tissue to help the heart relax
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Cardiac valve layers
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1) Spongiosa
2) Fibrosa Valve leaflefts are not vascularized; they receive nutriotion through endothelia on surface |
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How does SA node connect to AV node?
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Atrial muscle tissue conducts the impulse
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what are the layers of a blood vessel?
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1. Intima - single layer of endothelium
2. Media - smooth muscle cells/pericytes, connective tissues 3. Adventitia - fibroblasts, vasa vasorum, loose connective tissue |
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what type of collagen in blood vessels?
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Type III
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Vasa vasorum contents
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lining endothelial cells
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Mesothelium
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Line the peritoneal cavity, pericardial, thoracic
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Endothelial functions
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Permeability barrier
Antithrombotic surface Metabolic -vasoactive factors -inflammatory mediators Growth control of blood vessels |
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Specialized structures of endothelial cells
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Junctions - desmosomes, tight-jctns
Pinocytic vesicles - e.g. for LDL Pores and diaphragms - sinusoids |
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Antithrombotic products of endothelial functions
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Heparin
Prostacyclin Thrombomodulin TPA - stops MIs, strokes |
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Prothrombotic products of endothelial functions
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vWF
Tissue factor PAI-1 (plasminogen inhibitor 1) |
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Metabolic functions and products of endothelial tissue
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Metabolic
1) Vasoactive -NO -Endothelin -Angiotensin II and bradykinin -Prostaglandin: prostacyclin, thromboxane 2) Inflammation -selectins and integrin receptors -cytokines - IL-11, IL-8, TNF-α 3) Connective tissue synthesis |
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Growth control in endothelial functions
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1) SELF
-contact inhibition -VEGF 2) Smooth muscle cells -heparins -PDGF -shear stress |
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Function of elastic arteries
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Compliance
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Function of muscular arteries
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Distribution
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Function of Venules
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Inflammation
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Function of veins
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Collection
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Layers of blood vessels
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endothelium
internal elastic lamina media adventitia |
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Etiology of atherosclerosis
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tunica intima becomes injured
endothelium produce cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) that promote binding of monocytes and T cells to the endothelial surface -also decreases NO LDL, VLDL bind to tunica intima, taken into myointimal space, oxidized by macrophages. |
