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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cell types in Nervous System
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Neurons
Glia -Astrocytes -Oligodendroglia -Ependymal cells Microglia |
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Characteristics of a neuron
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Triangular body
Large round nucleus Granules Nissel Bodies Dendrites, Axon |
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Neuronal types
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-Unipolar (only in invertebrates)
-Pseudo-unipolar (DRG) -Bipolar (retina, cochlea) -Multipolar |
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Parts of a neuron
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Soma (perikaryon)
Dendrite (process to the soma) Axon (process from the soma) |
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Law of Dynamic Polarization
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Information is always carried into the soma by dendrites and away from the soma by axons. The flow of information never changes direction.
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Purkinje cells
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Neurons that extend their dendrites into the cortex of brain tissue. Huge tree-like processes, lots of synapses.
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Cerebral Cortex
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6 Layered structure. Different functional areas of cerebral cortex show different layer organization (visual cortex vs motor, etc).
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Dendrite
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tapered extension of the neuron-- can contain all contents of soma
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Axon
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Does not contain contents of soma: no nissl bodies, no RNA, no protein synthesis. Receives all proteins via axoplasmic flow
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Types of axoplasmic flow
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Anterograde
-fast: 100-1,000 mm/day membrane associated substances - mito, lysosomes, vescicles of neurotransmitter precursors -slow (0.1-3mm/day: soluble proteins) Retrograde: brings materials back to soma |
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Neurotransmitters
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Amines: ACh, Dopamine, NE
Amino Acids: GABA, glutamate, glycine Peptides: .. |
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Synapses
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Axodenditic
Axosomatic Axoaxonal |
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Ependymal cell
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epithelial cells that line ventricular cavity
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Microglial cells
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Resident macrophages in the brain
Very small nuclei, inconspicuous cells. |
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Astrocyte
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Processes between capillary and neuron body
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CNS vs PNS myelination cells
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CNS: Oligodendroglia myelinates multiple cells
PNS: Schwann cells myelinate one one neuron per Schwann cell |
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Unmyelinated nerve fibers are embedded in...
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the Schwann cell cytoplasm-- but with no myelin lamellae (e.g. C Fibers that carry pain sensation: hammer hitting finger)
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multiple schlerosis named for...
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scarring in white matter of CNS
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symptoms of MS
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numbness tingling in extremities, face, muscle weakness, dizzinss, unsteady walk, and visual complications
these get worse, can result in total paralysis |
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autoimmune hypothesis of MS
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breakdown in BBB allows T-cells, B cells, and macrophages to enter CNS
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Genes implicated in MS
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Major histocompatibility complex II (MHC-II) genes
HLA DR2 on HLA-DRB1 locus that present proteins on immune cells |
