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143 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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oral cavity surface is continuous w/ and structurally similar to __________
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thin skin
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What does mucosa of oral cavity made of
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SSE: Keratinocytes, Langer's cells, melanocytes, Merkel's, lamina propria
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describe mucosa of oral cavity
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mucous membrane, wet
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what is submucosa of oral cavity made of
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loose or dense CT, fat or salivary glands
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mostly keratinized SSE of oral cavity
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masticatory
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nonkeratinized sse of oral cavity
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lining
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describe specialized oral cavity mucosae
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papillae on dorsal surface of tongue
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where is the masticatory mucosae
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hard palate
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describe mucosa of masticatory
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keratinized squamous epithelium, tall CT papillae
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describe submucosa of masticatory
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fat anteriorly, glands posteriorly
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where is lining mucosa
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soft palate, cheeks
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desribe mucosa of lining mucosa
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parakeratinized SSE (3 layers) fewer and shorter papillae, elastic fiber layer
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describe submucosa of lining mucosa
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mostly mucous glands, bands of fibers
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what does submucosa overlie
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striated muscles
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what type of mucosa is the lip
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lining mucosa
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what is lip continuous w/
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skin
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what is the outer side of the lip
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thin skin
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what is the inner side of the lip
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mucous membrane, submucosa w/ labial glands
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Descibe the vermilion border of the lip
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keratinized SSE, very tall papillae and rich blood supply (red) no glands (dry)
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describe center of lip
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circular skeletal muscle (orbicularis oris)
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3 fxns of tongue
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sensory, motor, protection
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how does tongue have motor fxn
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moving food, vocalization
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how does tongue have protective fxn
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lingual tonsil
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describe the muscular organ of the tongue
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striated muscles arranged in 3 directions
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sulcus terminalis AKA
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papillary region
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foremen cecum
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tonsillar region
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what are the 4 types of papillae
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filiform, fungiform, circumvallate, foliate
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Describe filiform papillae
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most numberous, keratinized sse, no taste buds
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describe fungiform papillae
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many, mushroom-shaped, keratinized sse, TB on upper surface
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describe circumvallate papillae
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8-12 large, TBs on lateral surface, von Ebner's gands
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Describe foliate papillae
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lateral infoldings, TB on lateral surface, serous glands
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what 4 types of cells do taste buds have
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sensory cells, supporting cells, basal cells, nerve fibers
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what sensory cells do taste buds have
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neuroepithelial cells
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What basal cells do taste buds have
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basal cells
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what nerve fibers do taste buds have
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7 and 9
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5 taste modalities
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sweet, salty, bitter, acid, umami
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action of salty and sour tastes
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direct activation of ion channels
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action of sweet and bitter tastes
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indirect thu G-protein coupled receptors
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action of umami taste
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L-Glu -->mGluR4
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output percentage of major salivary glands
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95%
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3 major salivary glands
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parotid, submadibular, sublingual
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this salivary gland is only serous (round nuclei and zymogen granules)
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parotid
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this salivary gland is mixed but mostly serous
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submadibular
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this salivary gland is mixed but mostly mucous
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sublingual
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Parotid glands are the __(size)___, ___% salivary output and is formed by ____ & _____
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largest, 30%, lobes & lobules
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acini of parotid glands; _____ sacs, all ____ cells, ____, ____ nuclei, ____ staining, _____ granules ( _______ granules) : _______
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blind, serous, round, central, deep, secretory, zymogen, amylase
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Duct saliva flow in parotid glands
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ascini-->intercalated ducts--> striated ducts-->secretory ducts
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Intercalated ducts: __(form)___, secrete ____, absorb ____
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simple cuboidal, bicarbonate, chloride
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striated ducts: __(form)___, ___ striations, ____ resorption, _____ secretion
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low columnar, basal, Na+, K+
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Excretory ducts: _____ ducts, ___(form)___, connect to ____
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interlobular, pseudostratified columnar, oral cavity
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Submadibular glands: ____% of salivary output
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60
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how much of submadibular glands is serous acini
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90%
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what are mucous acini capped w/
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serous demilunes
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submandibular glands have ________ (clusters on cross sections)
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long striated ducts
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how much of sublingual glands is salivary output
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60%
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sublingual glands are small, ____ salivary output
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5%
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are mucous glands in sublingual glands capped w/ serous demilunes
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some are
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what type of variations in sublingual glands
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regional (no more than 50%)
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describe sublingual intercalacted ducts and striated ducts
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poorly developed
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minor glands have how much salivary output
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5%
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where are the minor glands located
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in submucosae of palates, tongue, lips, cheek
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what type of acini are in minor glands
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mostly mucous, some serous
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what type of ducts are in minor glands
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short ones
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7 fxns of saliva
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moistening, digestion, wound healing, maintenance of teeth, anti-viral, antibacterial, immunologic protection
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how does saliva help w/ digestion
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amylase
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how does saliva help heal wounds
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EGF (epidermal growth factor)
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how does saliva help maintain teeth
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protein coating, source of Ca++ and Phosphate
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how is saliva an anti-viral
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anti-HIV factor (reduce HIV infection)
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how is saliva an antibacterial
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lysozymes to kill bacteria
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how does saliva cause immunologic protection
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plasma cells-->immunoglobulin A-->dimer-->transported to lumen
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what does IgA deficiency cause
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infections in upper respiratory tract, guts
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How many deciduous teeth
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20
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how many permanent teeth
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32 (28)
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anatomical def of crown
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covered by enamel
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clinical def of crown
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above gum
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what is the root anchored to
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alveolar bone
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what makes up the bulk of the tooth
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dentin
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dentin is a ____-like structure, 70% _____, 30% _____ (_____)
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bonelike, hydroxyapatite, organic (type I collagen)
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dentin contains _____ filled by odontoblast processes
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dentinal tubules
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what is dentin made by
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odontoblasts
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what is the covering of dentin in the crown region
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enamel
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dentin is 96% _____ (_____)
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inorganic material (hydroxyapatite crystals)
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what is enamel produced by
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ameloblasts -(enamel rods (prisms), interrod enamel)
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can enamel be replaced
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no
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appearance of enamel
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acellular translucent
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what is the hardest tissue
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enamel
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Cementum: the covering of ____ in the root region, a thin layer of ____-like structure
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denting, bone-like
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cementum is 50% _____ and 50% _____ (___,____)
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inorganic, organic (collagen, ground substance)
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what is cementum produced by
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cementocytes, lacunae, cananiculi
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what is cementocytes from
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cementoblasts
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is cementum acellular or cellular
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upper part is acellular (no cementocytes), lower part and outside is cellular w/ lacunae and cananiculi
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does the cementum have BV
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no
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what is dental pulp made of
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loose CT: fibroblasts, lymphocytes, fine collagen
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does dental pulp have BV and nerves
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yes
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3 fxns of dental pulp
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nutritive to odontoblads, sensory (pain reception), protective (inflammatory response)
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Periodontal ligaments (or membrane) countaing _____ fibers, ____ fibers
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collagen, Sharpey's
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what does sharpey's fibers contain
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type I collagen fibers, patches of loose ct, elastic fibers
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periodontal ligaments have the highest turnover of _____ in body, why
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collagen- b/c fibroblasts synthesize and digest it
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periodontal ligaments provide ____ & _____, exert the tension for ____ during tooth movement, provide ____ to adjacent structures, transduce _____ and aid in _____
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attachment and support, bone remodeling, nutrition, proprioception, tooth eruption
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what structure does alveolar bone make
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bone sockets for teeth
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what type of bone does alveolar bone have
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immature
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what regions does aleavolar bone have
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deposition and absorption
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why does alveolar bone recede
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disease & age
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Gingiva mucosa has ______, _____ epithelium, tall ____ and is bount to ____ or ____ by _____ and _____
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keratinized, sse, papillae, bone, cementum, collagen, elastic fibers
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gingival sulcus AKA
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crevicular epithelium
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describe attachment (junctional) epithelium of gingiva
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non-keratinized, no papillae
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how does gingiva's attachment epitheium attach to tooth surface
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hemidesmosomes
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does the jxnal epithelium of gingiva protect against bacterial infection
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weak barrier
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The pellicle, surface coating consists of a layer of ____ & ____ derived from ____
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proteins, glycoprotiens, saliva
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Dental plaque- pellicle laden w/ _____, ____ & _____
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dead epithelial cells, inorganic compounds and bacteria
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what is a calculus
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mineralized plaque
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dental caries: demineralization of ____ and/or_____ by _____
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enamel and/or dentin, acid products
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what does fluoride treatment do
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renders mineral crystals more resistant to acid dissolution
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5 stages of tooth formation
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bud, cap, bell, apposition, root formation
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what forms @ bud stage
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dental lamina (invagination of oral epithelium)
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what forms @ cap stage
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enamel organ, 3 layers (outer, inner, stellate reticulum)odontoblast layer
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what forms @ apposition stage
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dentin & enamel
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when does root formation occur
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after enamel formation
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during the root formation stage there is ____ elongation, ____ eruption and _____ formation
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root, tooth, cementum
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epithelial-mesenchymal interactions def
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a series of interactive inductions
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dental lamina def
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horse-shoe shaped outgrowth at early stage
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enamel organ def
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4 layers of epithelial cells: outer enamel, inner enamel, stratum intermedium, stellate reticulum
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tooth germ=
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enamel organ + papillae
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dental sac def.
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surrounding CT-->periodontal structures
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odontoblasts are induced from _____ by _____ held together at _____
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mesenchymal cells, epithelium, tight jxns
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odontoblasts produce _____ --> _____
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predentine -->dentine
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odontoblasts contain matrix vesicles for calcification :______
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abacus bodies
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where are the abacus bodies
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in golgi vesicles
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what does the odontoblast process occupy
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dentine tubule
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odontoblasts present and produce dentine when
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throughout life
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abacus bodies are _____ crystals attached to arrays of fibrous _____ precursore
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Ca++, collagen
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Ameloblasts are __(form)__ cells from _____ cells
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tall columnar from inner-layer epithelial cells
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what do the ameloblasts produce
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enamel b4 tooth eruption
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what happens during the secretory stage of ameloblasts
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matrix production
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during the ameloblast secretory stage the _____ process is the enamel rod and the _____ process is the interrod
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Tome's, Interprism
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What happens during the maturation stage of ameloblasts
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matrix maturation, Tomes processes are absent, striation borders are smooth ending, transport Ca++ and phosphates
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what is removed and not removed during ameloblast maturation
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removed: amelogenins, ameoblastins
not removed: enamelin and tuft protiens |
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what happens after the maturation stage of ameloblasts
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degenrate after tooth eruption, can not regenerate
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permanent tooth is a side growth of what
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dental lamina
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what is the interactive induction between in tooth development
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epithelium and neural crest-derived extomesenchyme
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origins of ameloblasts
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epithelial cells
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origin of cells besides ameloblasts in tooth development
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neural crest-derived mesenchymal cells
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tooth replacement and regeneration is continuous in _____ and permanent teeth in _____
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rodents, humans
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