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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Microglia are _____ cells in the ____ often senn in regions of ____ & ____
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phagocytic, CNS, injury, disease
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Do neuronal aons have rER arranged in CISTERNAE
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no
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Fast axonal transport moves substances in ____ directions at a rate of ____/ day and requires _______
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both, 20-400mm, ATP
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Slow axonal transport moves substances from the ____ down the axon at a rate of _____ and ____ require ATP
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cell body, .2-4mm/d, DOES NOT USE ATP
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What proteins are involved in axon trasport
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kinesin and dynein
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Are ASTROCYTES involved w/ the movement, absorption and production of CSF?
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no
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During ____ transport, _____, ____, &____ are trasported from the perikaryon toward the axon terminals
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anterograde, proteins, lipids, ntms
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Does a chemical synapse have bi-directional signaling
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no
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What is responsible for the secretion and movement of CSF
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ependymal cells
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order of chemical synaptic transmission
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action pot. reach terminal bouton-voltage gated ca++ channels open- synaptic vesicles fuse w/ presynaptic membrane-neurotransmitter released into synaptic cleft
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synaptic transmission depends on _____ prduced when a _____ opens to response to ______
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ca++ ions, voltage gated channel, action potential
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is cl- involved w/ in initial stages of synaptic transmission
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no
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neuronal dendrite have ____,____ branches
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multiple, tapering
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Dendrites are a component of the _____ region of the neuron
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conductile
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dendrite are capable of _____
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protein synthesis
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dendrite have rER arranged in _____
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cisternae
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Why doesn't nervous system have rapid mititic activity
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high protein synthetic rates
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how much extracellular space does nervous tissue have
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very little
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are peripheral nerve axons naked at nodes of ranvier
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no
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axons are in both the ____ and _____
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sympathetic and dorsal root ganglia
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The absense of clusters of rER in the axon indicates that the axon is dependent upon the _____ for _____ support
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perikaryon, trophic
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_____ are a key component of the blood-brain barrier in the CNS
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astrocytes
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_____ perform ____ degradation of demaged neuronal tissue in the CNS
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microglia, lysosomal
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what is responsible for action potential initiation and conduction down a myelinated axon
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dense aggregation of voltage-gated Na+ channels at the axon hillock and the nodes of Ranvier
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ependymal cells do not cause ____
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blood brain barrier
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how do astrocytes contribute to blood brain barrier
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influend the endothelial tight junctions in the capilaires of the brain
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Relationships
motor neurons |
gray matter of spinal cord
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relationships
sensory (dorsal root ganglion) |
pseudounipolar neurons, no synapses
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relationships
autonomic ganglia |
multipolar neuron and synapses
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neuronal nuclei
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high euchromatin/heterochromatin ratio
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can chromatolysis be reversible
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yes
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if the injury is far enough away from the neuronal soma it does not signal cell death but rather indicates the cell is
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attempting self-repair
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Axons in the CNS are either myelinated by oligodendrocytes or_____
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naked
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Axons in PNS are either myelinated or _____
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ensheathed by schwann cells, none are naked
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The _____ includes several layers of squamous like _____ cells and serves to isolate the nerve fibers from the ______
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perineurium, epithelioild, immune system
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Muscle spindles contain _____ which are modified muscle fibers
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intrafusal fibers
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the synaptic cleft is anatomically restricted to ___ muscle fiber.
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one
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Depolarization/activation of one motor end-plate will activate a ___ skeletal muscle fiber
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single
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Gap junctions constitute the major structurla element of the _____ component of the intercalated sick
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lateral
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Purkinje fibers, which are large, specialized cardiac fibers located in the _____, are rich in _____
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myocardium, glycogen
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smooth muscle fibers contain ____ bodies, which serve to ______ and are equivalent to the _____ in striated muscle
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dense, anchor actin filaments, Z lines
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what causes stabilization of the actin/mysoin interaction
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loss of ATP-rigor mortis
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what bands decrease in length as Z lines are drawn closer together
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I & H bands
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What does the fiber type (red & white) depend on?
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neuronal innervation
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If a slow (red) fiber is dennervated and a nerve which typically innervates fast (white muscle fibers is allow to reinnervate slow fiber what happens
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red fiber shifts to white fiber
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during contraction, does the A band shorten
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no, remains contant length reflecting the length of the myosin filament
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what do gap jxns in cardiac muscle do at intercalated discs
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couple adjacent cells ionically
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what provides mechanical adhesion (always at Z line) at intercalated discs
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macula adherens
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what is responsible for cardiac muscle fxning as physiological syncytial network
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macula adherens
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are macula adherens easily observed in cross section
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no
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What masking the binding sites on the actin thin filaments which interact w/ mysoin head
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Troponin I
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______ binds the troponin complex to the tropomyosin filament
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Troponin T
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Ca++ regulate striated muscle through interaction w/ ______
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troponin C which influences actin filament
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Ca++ regulates SMC contraction by its action on the _______
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myosin light chains
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Nebulin regulates _____ length
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actin filament
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Nebulin anchors _____ to _____
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actin filaments to Z line
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The muscle spindle has ____ and _____ components
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motor and sensory
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Golgi tendon organ has only _____ component
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sensory
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Nitroglycerin can be used to relieve ____ b/c nitric oxide relaxes ____ and increase _____ in coronary arteries
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angina, SMC, blood flow
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relaxation of other BV throughout body decreases ____ and decreases _____
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BP, workload of heart
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tunica intima of aorta contains _____ and ______
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endothelial cells and CT
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atherosclerosis causes infilatration of _____ & _____ into aortic tunica intima
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macrophages & SMC
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Purkinje fibers are modified ____ fibers
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muscle
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Purkinje fibers are largers or smaller than cardica muscle fibers
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larger
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How are purkinje fibers connected to other fibers
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intercalated discs that include gap jxns
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capillares do not contain
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smooth muscle
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what does relaxation of smooth muscle in precapillary sphinctors allow
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blood to flow more easily in capillary beds
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the relaxation of smooth muscle in ________ will shunt blood away from capillary beds
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arteriovenous anastomoses
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what does tunica media of elastic arteries contain
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SMC, and collagen and elastic fibers produced by SMC
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the does tunica adentita of elastic arteries contrain (BV)
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vaso vasorum
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what are the thickest layer of veins
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tunica adventitia
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do veins have prominents internal elastic membrane
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no, only arteries
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are purkinje fibers in atria
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no
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what detects change in O2 levels
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carotid body
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what chemical reduces BP
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atrial natriuretic peptide
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where are the cells that produce pericardial fluid
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epicardium
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dimorphism =
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2 distinct pops of cells
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what does a left shift indicated
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bacterial infection
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left shift is increase in what
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immature forms of neutrophiles , esp. bands
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what is macrocytosis
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increase in RBC size
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_____ are often senn in peripheral smear of patients suffering from allergies
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eosinophils
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_____ are large cells of the neutrophilic series
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neutrophilic metamyelocytes
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describe nucleus of neutrophilic metamyelocytes
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indented nuclei less that 1/2 of round nucles
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what is the largest cell in peripheral smear
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monocytes
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what hormone regulates RBC prodcution
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erythropoeitin
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what hormone regulates platelet production
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thrombopoietin
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