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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Endocrine organs have __________ capillaries |
Fenestrated |
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Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) development |
Rathke's Pouch (Roof of oropharynx) |
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Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) development |
Floor of diencephalon |
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Pars Intermedia development |
Remnants of rathke's pouch |
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Adenohypohysis components |
Pars tuberalis, pars distalis |
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Neurohypophysis components |
Median eminence, infundibulum, pars nervosa |
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How does posterior pituitary stain and why? |
Pale because of unmyelinated axons, neuroglial cells and no fibers |
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Describe anterior pituitary appearance on a slide |
Very cellular with distinct boundaries |
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Pars distalis (adenohypophysis/anterior pituitary) cells |
Chromophobes and chromophils |
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Chromophobes (50%) |
-Clear cells -Function unknown |
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Chromophils (50%) |
40% acidophils 10% basophils |
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Acidophils |
-Somatotropes --> GH -Mammotropes/Lactotropes --> PRL
Make PEPTIDES Pale staining |
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Basophils |
B-FLAT
-FSH (Gonadotrope) -LH (Gonadotrope) -ACTH -TSH
These act on other organs (*Tropic Effect*) Make GLYCOPROTEINS |
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What does Pars Intermedia release? |
MSH |
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What type of chromophils does Pars Tuberalis have? |
Basophils --> mainly gonadotropes |
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Where do the unmyelinated axons from Pars Nervosa descend from? |
Supraoptic nuclei and Paraventricular nuclei in hypothalamus |
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Herring bodies |
Axonal dilations that store oxytocin and ADH and contain neurosecretory granules |
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What does supraoptic nucleus synthesize? |
ADH |
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What does paraventricular nucleus synthesize? |
Oxytocin |
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Pituicytes |
Supportive neuroglial cells of posterior pituitary |
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2 Pineal gland cells |
Astrocytes and pinealocytes |
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What do pinealocytes secrete? |
Melatonin and serotonin |
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What are astrocytes' function on pineal gland? |
Supportive cell |
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Pineal gland histological marker |
Corpora arancea --> "brain sand" |
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Corpora Arancea |
Deposits of calcium in pineal gland stroma |
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2 cells of thyroid gland |
Follicular (principle) cells and Parafollicular (C) cells |
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Identify |
Thyroid gland |
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Parafollicular cells (C cells) |
-Secrete calcitonin --> lowers blood calcium -Not controlled by pituitary |
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Follicular (Principle) cells |
-Secretes T3 and T4 -Controlled by pituitary |
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Identify |
Thyroid gland (Notice flattened inactive follicular cells and cuboidal follicular cells) |
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Grave's Disease |
Hyperplasia of follicular cells |
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Simple goiter |
Insufficient iodine intake |
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Cretinism |
Hypothyroidism in fetal life |
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Identify |
Thyroid |
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Thyroid epithelium |
Simple cuboidal |
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Parathyroid gland cells |
Oxyphil and Chief cells |
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Oxyphils cells (of parathyroid gland) |
Large acidophilic cells Unknown function Numerous mitochondria |
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Chief Cells (of parathyroid gland) |
Secrete PTH --> increases blood calcium, decreases blood phosphate |
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Adrenal cortex development |
Mesoderm |
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Adrenal medulla development |
Neural crest |
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Identify |
Adrenal gland |
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Zona glomerulosa |
Mineralocorticoids --> aldosterone |
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Zona fasciculata |
-Glucocorticoids --> cortisol -Pale staining |
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Zona reticulata |
Androgens |
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Addison's Disease |
Antibodies against adrenal cortex |
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Cushing's Disease |
Increase glucocorticoids |
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Adrenal medulla cell types |
Chromaffin cells and ganglion cells |
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Chromaffin cells |
-Modified postganglionic sympathetic neurons -Store and secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine |
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Pheochromocytoma |
Tumor of chromaffin cells |
