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30 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Structure/function of ribosomes?
Site of protein synthesis. consist of ribosomal RNA
2 types of ribosomes?
membrane bound ribosomes and free ribosomes
Structure/function of endoplasmic reticulum?
lipid and protein biosynthesis. interconnected network of branching tubules and flattened sacs, throughout cytoplasm
Structure/function of RER?
membrane bound ribosomes. abundant in cells that do protein synthesis
Structure/function of SER?
lacks bound ribosomes. lipid metabolism and detoxification. more tubular than RER
Structure/function of golgi apparatus?
flattened, membrane enclosed cisternae. cis and trans faces. found everywhere, but well developed in secretory cells.

functions in post-translational modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins.
What is the bidirectional traffic between ER and golgi?
Coatomer- COP-1 Retrograde, golgi to ER, COP-2 Anterograde, ER to golgi
Structure/function of lysosomes?
membrane enclosed with 40 types of hydrolytic enzymes. digestive organelles
Structure/function of peroxisome?
small, specialized to degrade toxic reactive O2. fat metabolism.
Structure/function of mitochondria?
2 membrane, 2 compartment (intermembrane space and matrix). generates ATP
What are the 3 cellular pathways to lysosomal degradation?
Phagocytosis, endocytosis, autophagy.
Intracellular inclusions
glycogen and lipid (non membrane bound), pigments (membrane bound)
3 types of protein filaments that form cytoskeleton?
actin filaments (microfilaments), intermediate filaments, microtubules
Structure/function of microtubules?
non-branching rigid hollow tubules, minus and pos. end. intracellular transport, mitotic spindle, motility.
Structure/function of actin filaments?
G-actin and F-activ, polarized. anchorage, structural core of microvilli, locomotion.
Structure/function of intermediate filaments?
rope-like, non polar. structural (stabilization).
Structure/function of centrosome?
pair of centrioles, initiate microtubule formation.
Structure/function of primary cilia?
microtubule 9+0, sensory organelle and right/left symmetry in development
Structure/function of cilia?
Microtubule 9+2, motile
Structure/function of flagella?
microtubules and dyneins, cell motility.
Molecular motor proteins associated with microfilaments and microtubules?
Kinesin family (+ end) and Dynein family (-end)
Role of cytoskeleton in intracellular transport and cellular motility?
Acts as tracks for "motor proteins" that help move materials within cells
3 components of whole cell motility across a substrate?
Protrusion (actin-rich pushed out at front of cell), attachment (actin cytoskeleton connects across plasma membrane to substratum), contraction (bulk of cell cytoplasm is drawn forward)
Membrane protrusion structures?
Filopodia-1 dimension (fibroblasts), Lamellipodia- 2 dimensional (fibroblasts), Pseudopodia- 3 dimensional (Neutrophils)
Actin polymerization in membrane protrusion and motility?
actin filaments + side, - ends attached to sides of other actin filaments, actin web as a whole undergoes treadmilling
Diseases related to non-functional peroxisomes?
deficiencies cause abnormalities in myelination of nerve cells, such as zellweger syndrome
What does neutrophil do in acute inflammatory response?
Neutrophil migration, blood to tissues through blood vessels, across endothelium and chemotaxis.
What are the 3 major types of granules in neutrophils?
Azurophilic (primary-large, dense, peroxidase),specific (secondary-small, less dense- lysozome), and tertiary (phosphatases)
What is autophagy?
only known method for degradation of intracellular organelles (cell's own cells)
Lysosomal storage diseases
arise from genetic defects that effect 1 or more lysosomal hydrolases, such as in accumulation of gangliosides in Tay-Sachs disease