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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Structure/function of ribosomes?
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Site of protein synthesis. consist of ribosomal RNA
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2 types of ribosomes?
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membrane bound ribosomes and free ribosomes
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Structure/function of endoplasmic reticulum?
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lipid and protein biosynthesis. interconnected network of branching tubules and flattened sacs, throughout cytoplasm
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Structure/function of RER?
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membrane bound ribosomes. abundant in cells that do protein synthesis
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Structure/function of SER?
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lacks bound ribosomes. lipid metabolism and detoxification. more tubular than RER
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Structure/function of golgi apparatus?
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flattened, membrane enclosed cisternae. cis and trans faces. found everywhere, but well developed in secretory cells.
functions in post-translational modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins. |
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What is the bidirectional traffic between ER and golgi?
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Coatomer- COP-1 Retrograde, golgi to ER, COP-2 Anterograde, ER to golgi
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Structure/function of lysosomes?
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membrane enclosed with 40 types of hydrolytic enzymes. digestive organelles
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Structure/function of peroxisome?
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small, specialized to degrade toxic reactive O2. fat metabolism.
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Structure/function of mitochondria?
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2 membrane, 2 compartment (intermembrane space and matrix). generates ATP
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What are the 3 cellular pathways to lysosomal degradation?
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Phagocytosis, endocytosis, autophagy.
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Intracellular inclusions
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glycogen and lipid (non membrane bound), pigments (membrane bound)
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3 types of protein filaments that form cytoskeleton?
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actin filaments (microfilaments), intermediate filaments, microtubules
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Structure/function of microtubules?
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non-branching rigid hollow tubules, minus and pos. end. intracellular transport, mitotic spindle, motility.
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Structure/function of actin filaments?
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G-actin and F-activ, polarized. anchorage, structural core of microvilli, locomotion.
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Structure/function of intermediate filaments?
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rope-like, non polar. structural (stabilization).
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Structure/function of centrosome?
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pair of centrioles, initiate microtubule formation.
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Structure/function of primary cilia?
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microtubule 9+0, sensory organelle and right/left symmetry in development
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Structure/function of cilia?
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Microtubule 9+2, motile
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Structure/function of flagella?
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microtubules and dyneins, cell motility.
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Molecular motor proteins associated with microfilaments and microtubules?
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Kinesin family (+ end) and Dynein family (-end)
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Role of cytoskeleton in intracellular transport and cellular motility?
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Acts as tracks for "motor proteins" that help move materials within cells
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3 components of whole cell motility across a substrate?
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Protrusion (actin-rich pushed out at front of cell), attachment (actin cytoskeleton connects across plasma membrane to substratum), contraction (bulk of cell cytoplasm is drawn forward)
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Membrane protrusion structures?
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Filopodia-1 dimension (fibroblasts), Lamellipodia- 2 dimensional (fibroblasts), Pseudopodia- 3 dimensional (Neutrophils)
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Actin polymerization in membrane protrusion and motility?
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actin filaments + side, - ends attached to sides of other actin filaments, actin web as a whole undergoes treadmilling
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Diseases related to non-functional peroxisomes?
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deficiencies cause abnormalities in myelination of nerve cells, such as zellweger syndrome
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What does neutrophil do in acute inflammatory response?
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Neutrophil migration, blood to tissues through blood vessels, across endothelium and chemotaxis.
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What are the 3 major types of granules in neutrophils?
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Azurophilic (primary-large, dense, peroxidase),specific (secondary-small, less dense- lysozome), and tertiary (phosphatases)
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What is autophagy?
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only known method for degradation of intracellular organelles (cell's own cells)
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Lysosomal storage diseases
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arise from genetic defects that effect 1 or more lysosomal hydrolases, such as in accumulation of gangliosides in Tay-Sachs disease
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