Histamines And Antihistamines

Front 1

What is always taken on an empty stomach?

Back 1

Claritan

Front 2

What is MOST COMMONLY USED for itching?

Back 2

Benadryl

Front 3

Besides Benadryl, what else is used for itching?

Back 3

Atarax

Front 4

Name two drugs that are used for itching:

Back 4

1 - Benadryl
2 - Atarax

Front 5

Name the FIVE chemical mediators

Back 5

1- Histamine (H1, H2)
2- Eosinophilic chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis (ECF-A)
3- Slow Reacting Substance of Anaphylaxis (SRS-A)
4- Leukotrienes
5- Interleuken (Prostaglandins)

Front 6

What are two receptors for histamine?

Back 6

H1 = receptor for antihistamine (Resp. tract)
H2 = GI tract

Front 7

What counteracts effects of histamine?

Back 7

Antihistamine

Front 8

Increased permeability of the lungs can lead to ________ ________

Back 8

PULMONARY EDEMA

Front 9

What happens when histamine is released?

Back 9

Inflammation and BronchoConstriction occur

Front 10

Histamine is produced when ________ _________ and/or _______ to body cells

Back 10

Allergic Reaction,
Injury

Front 11

Highest concentration of histamines are found where?

Back 11

Basophils and mast cells

Front 12

Chemical mediators are found:

Back 12

Heart, Lungs, Skin and Gastric juices

Front 13

Dilation of the arteries allows more _____ to travel to site of injury.

Back 13

Blood

Front 14

Increased permeability of the _____ can lead to _____ _____

Back 14

Lungs, Pulmonary Edema

Front 15

Inflammation and Bronchoconstriction occurs when _____ is released

Back 15

Histamine

Front 16

Antihistamines _____ effects of histamine by _____ receptors.

Back 16

counteract, blocking

Front 17

What happens when more blood travels to site of injury?

Back 17

1- redness
2- warmth
3- swelling/edema
4- increase permeability of capillaries and veins

Front 18

Chemical mediators are released during _____ and/or _____ _____

Back 18

Inflammatory, Allergic Reactions

Front 19

A chemical mediator substance is formed by _____ _____ and certain _____ _____.

Back 19

Mast cells, blood cells

Front 20

What regulates the contraction of the smooth muscle?

Back 20

ANS - Autonomic Nervous System

Front 21

Smooth muscle controls the

Back 21

Size of the Lumen of respiratory passages

Front 22

If Lumen dilates...

Back 22

More air in

Front 23

If Lumen constricts

Back 23

More difficult to get air

Front 24

Respiratory passageways consist of

Back 24

Smooth muscle and some cartilage

Front 25

A single cell layer consists of:

Back 25

Alveoli and capillaries

Front 26

Another name for Sinus Rebound is?

Back 26

Rebound Congestion

Front 27

Using too much decongestant causes

Back 27

Vasodilation (more room for secretions)

Front 28

What are the nursing responsibilities for giving a decongestant?

Back 28

1) Have Pt. blow nose BEFORE use
2) Assess Pt. ability to breath BEFORE and AFTER
3) Note amount of NASAL DISCHARGE
4) Warn pt. about sinus rebound
5) Do not use over 10 - 14 days
6) Burning/Itching can occur

Front 29

Adverse effects of decongestants are:

Back 29

1) Irritability
2) Restlessness
3) Anxiety
4) Insomnia
5) Tachycardia
6) Hypertension

Front 30

The TWO MOST COMMON adverse effects for decongestants is?

Back 30

Tachycardia and Hypertension

Front 31

Decongestants reduce swelling of the _____ _____

Back 31

Nasal passageways

Front 32

Decongestants _____ _____ nasal passageways and _____ the sinuses

Back 32

Open Up, Drains

Front 33

Decongestants cause _____ of the nasal vessels and acts like it is wringing it out and draining the sinuses

Back 33

Vasoconstriction

Front 34

Two major adverse effects of antihistamines:

Back 34

1) Drowsiness
2) Sedation

Front 35

Antihistamine use:

Back 35

1) Relief of ALLERGIES
2) Used with Analgesics/Narcotics
3) Prevention of MOTION SICKNESS
4) Used for PARKINSON'S
5) Used for COUGH with the common cold
6) Allergic reactions caused by blood/drugs

Front 36

Whenever chemical mediators are released, the response you will see is:

Back 36

1) Inflammation
2) Swelling
3) Warmth
4) Bronchoconstriction
5) Pulmonary edema
6) Increased heart rate
7) Increased gastric secretions

Front 37

What are the chemical mediators?

Back 37

1) Histamine (H1, H2)
2) Eosinophilic Chemotactic Factor of Anaphylaxis (ECF-A)
3) Slow Reacting Substance of Anaphylaxis (SRS-A)
4) Leukotrienes
5) Interleuken (Prostaglandins)

Front 38

Two TOP major adverse effects of antihistamines:

Back 38

1) Drowsiness
2) Sedation (Particularly 1st Gen)

Front 39

Antihistamine Adverse Effects:

Back 39

1) Drowsiness
2) Sedation
3) Dry mouth
4) Thickening of bronchiole secretions
5) Photosensitivity
6) Hypotension and/or Vertigo

Front 40

First Generation Drugs:

Back 40

1) Benadryl
2) Vistaril
3) Phenergan

Front 41

Second Generation Drugs:

Back 41

1) Zyrtec
2) Allegra
3) Claritan

Front 42

Which generation drugs are most commonly used?

Back 42

SECOND GENERATION

Front 43

Which generation drug causes drowsiness and sedation?

Back 43

FIRST GENERATION

Front 44

What binds with 1st generation drugs (H1)

Back 44

Central

Front 45

What binds with 2nd generation drugs (H2) (with no drowsiness/sedation)

Back 45

Peripheral

Front 46

Do you give a patient with pneumonia an antihistamine?

Back 46

NO

Front 47

Pt. teaching about antihistamines

Back 47

1) DO NOT DRIVE
2) Avoid Alcohol
3) Dry mouth (gum, candy)
4) Take on empty stomach (unless GI upset)
5) Avoid Direct Sunlight

Front 48

If your vessels are _____ then there is more room for congestion and fluid to build up

Back 48

DILATED

Front 49

Antihistamine acts by _____ the histamine receptors

Back 49

BLOCKING
(It will block MOST, but not all)

Front 50

Respiratory Diseases

Back 50

COPD
- Chronic Bronchitis
- Emphysema
(NOT ASTHMA)

Front 51

Leukotriene (LT)
LTB
LTC
LTD
LTE

Back 51

LTC, LTD, LTE combine together to form SRS-A

Front 52

Increased permeability of the capillaries and veins means:

Back 52

Fluid is escaping into the surrounding tissue

Front 53

What plays a vital role in the exchange of the respiratory gases?

Back 53

Respiratory Tract and the entire system

Front 54

Gases are:

Back 54

Oxygen (O2) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Front 55

Rapid diffusion of O2 ____ the blood and equally rapid diffusion of CO2 _____ the blood.

Back 55

into, out of